Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Unequal resource division occurs in the absence of group division and identity
Based on the seminal minimal group experiment, the widely influential social identity theory has, in the last 45 y, led to the belief that discrimination follows from intergroup relations and social i...
Liver-specific transgenic expression of human NTCP in rhesus macaques confers HBV susceptibility on primary hepatocytes
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) poses a significant global health challenge, necessitating the urgent development of curative therapeutics. However, this progress is impeded by the lack of robust, immunocompe...
Deliberation during online bargaining reveals strategic information
A standard assumption in game theory is that decision-makers have preplanned strategies telling them what actions to take for every contingency. In contrast, nonstrategic decisions often involve an on...
Osteocyte connexin hemichannels and prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> release dictate bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell commitment
Bone is a dynamic organ constantly undergoing remodeling with both bone formation and resorption. Bone formation is mediated by osteoblasts originating from the differentiation of bone marrow (BM) mes...
Impairment of DET1 causes neurological defects and lethality in mice and humans
COP1 and DET1 are components of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is conserved from plants to humans. Mammalian COP1 binds to DET1 and is a substrate adaptor for the CUL4A-DDB1-RBX1 RING E3 ligase. Transcri...
<i>CASP8</i> intronic expansion identified by poly-glycine-arginine pathology increases Alzheimer’s disease risk
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects more than 10% of the population ≥65 y of age, but the underlying biological risks of most AD cases are unclear. We show anti-poly-glycine-arginine (a-polyGR) positive...
Ratio-based indicators for cytosolic Ca <sup>2+</sup> with visible light excitation
Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) play central roles in cellular physiology. Fluorescent indicators for Ca 2+ ions revolutionized ou...
Downscaling mutualistic networks from species to individuals reveals consistent interaction niches and roles within plant populations
Species-level networks emerge as the combination of interactions spanning multiple individuals, and their study has received considerable attention over the past 30 y. However, less is known about the...
Clear cell renal carcinoma essentially requires CDKL3 for oncogenesis
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the predominant human renal cancer with surging incidence and fatality lately. Hyperactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and mammalian target of rapa...
Structural basis of disease mutation and substrate recognition by the human SLC2A9 transporter
Urate provides ~50% of the reducing potential in human and primate plasma which is key to detoxifying reactive oxygen by-products of cellular metabolism. Urate is the endpoint of purine metabolism in...
Mapping of the full polarization switching pathways for HfO <sub>2</sub> and its implications
The discovery of ferroelectric phases in HfO 2 offers insights into ferroelectricity. Its unique fluorite structure and complex polarization switching pathways...
Engineered immunological niche directs therapeutic development in models of progressive multiple sclerosis
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease with only a single class of FDA-approved treatment, B cell depletion. Novel treatments could emerge from a deeper unde...
Peer income exposure across the income distribution
Children from families across the income distribution attend public schools, making schools and classrooms potential sites for interaction between more- and less-affluent children. However, limited in...
Mycorrhiza increases plant diversity and soil carbon storage in grasslands
Experimental studies have shown that symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and host plants can regulate soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Although the impacts of mycorrhiz...
Persistence selection between simulated biogeochemical cycle variants for their distinct effects on the Earth system
The average long-term impact of Darwinian evolution on Earth’s habitability remains extremely uncertain. Recent attempts to reconcile this uncertainty by “Darwinizing” nonreplicating biogeochemical pr...
Substance P receptor signaling contributes to host maladaptive responses during enteric bacterial infection
Immune responses in the intestine are intricately balanced to prevent pathogen entry without inducing immunopathology. The nervous system is well established to interface with the immune system to fin...
Fractional magnetic charges and channeling of Faraday lines by disclinations in artificial spin ice
We have studied the magnetic moments of artificial spin ice arrays of nanomagnets in both undistorted square arrays and in arrays with a topological defect induced by a single disclination. We confirm...
To enhance sustainable development goal research, open up commercial satellite image archives
Structural characterization of influenza group 1 chimeric hemagglutinins as broad vaccine immunogens
Chimeric hemagglutinins (cHA) appear to be promising for the design and development of universal influenza vaccines. Influenza A group 1 cHAs, cH5/1, cH8/1, and cH11/1, comprising an H1 stem attached...
Flake production: A universal by-product of primate stone percussion
The evolution of stone tool technology marks a significant milestone in hominin development, enabling early humans to manipulate their environments. The oldest known evidence, dating to 3.3 Ma, indica...
Computational and in vitro evaluation of probiotic treatments for nasal <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> decolonization
Despite the rising challenge of antibiotic resistance, current approaches to eradicate nasal pathobionts Staphylococcus aureus and Streptoco...
Geometric modeling of knitted fabrics
Knitting can turn a one-dimensional yarn into a highly ramified three-dimensional structure. As a method of additive manufacturing, it holds promise for a class of lightweight, ultrastrong materials....
Allosteric genetically encoded biosensor for spatiotemporal monitoring of endogenous RNA dynamics in living cells
Functions of RNAs are associated with their abundance and unique subcellular localizations. RNA imaging methods for spatiotemporal monitoring of RNA dynamics would facilitate the discovery of unknown...
A deep learning–enabled smart garment for accurate and versatile monitoring of sleep conditions in daily life
In wearable smart systems, continuous monitoring and accurate classification of different sleep-related conditions are critical for enhancing sleep quality and preventing sleep-related chronic conditi...
Bacterial polysaccharide lyase family 33: Specificity from an evolutionarily conserved binding tunnel
Acidic glycans are essential for the biology of multicellular eukaryotes. To utilize them, microbial life including symbionts and pathogens has evolved polysaccharide lyases (PL) that cleave their 1,4...