Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Allosteric inhibition of the IZUMO1–JUNO fertilization complex by the naturally occurring antisperm antibody OBF13
Sperm IZUMO1 binds to egg JUNO, and this interaction is essential for mammalian fertilization. Isolated from a female mouse immunized with syngeneic sperm, the antisperm antibody OBF13 recognizes IZUM...
A WRKY transcription factor confers broad-spectrum resistance to biotic stresses and yield stability in rice
Plants are subject to attack by diverse pests and pathogens. Few genes conferring broad-spectrum resistance to both insects and pathogens have been identified. Because of the growth–defense tradeoff,...
BIN1 reduction ameliorates <i>DNM2</i> -related Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common inherited neuromuscular disorder, manifests as progressive muscle weakness and peripheral nerve defects. Dominant mutations in DN...
Adeno-associated viruses for efficient gene expression in the axolotl nervous system
Axolotls are amphibian models for studying nervous system evolution, development, and regeneration. Tools to visualize and manipulate cells of the axolotl nervous system with high-efficiency, spatial...
HCV NS3/4A protease relocalizes CCTα to viral replication sites, enhancing phosphatidylcholine synthesis and viral replication
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA [(+)RNA] viruses constitute more than one-third of all virus genera, including numerous pathogens of clinical significance. All (+)RNA viruses reorganize cellular me...
Monitoring chalcogenide ions–guided in situ transform active sites of tailored bismuth electrocatalysts for CO <sub>2</sub> reduction to formate
Although bismuth catalysts enable accelerated electrochemical CO 2 -to-formate conversion, the intrinsic active sites and forming mechanisms under operating con...
Core dimensions of human material perception
Visually categorizing and comparing materials is crucial for everyday behavior, but what organizational principles underlie our mental representation of materials? Here, we used a large-scale data-dri...
Phase transitions in the rolling of irregular cylinders and spheres
When placed on an inclined plane, a perfect 2D disk or 3D sphere simply rolls down in a straight line under gravity. But how is the rolling affected if these shapes are irregular or random? Treating t...
Phased ERK responsiveness and developmental robustness regulate teleost skin morphogenesis
Elongation of the vertebrate embryonic axis necessitates rapid expansion of the epidermis to accommodate the growth of underlying tissues. Here, we generated a toolkit to visualize and quantify signal...
Nanoscale distribution of bioactive ligands on biomaterials regulates cell mechanosensing through translocation of actin into the nucleus
Cells respond to adhesive ligands such as arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) through integrins, which regulates cellular activities via influencing cytoskeleton assembly. Herein, we report that the nano...
A general framework for interpretable neural learning based on local information-theoretic goal functions
Despite the impressive performance of biological and artificial networks, an intuitive understanding of how their local learning dynamics contribute to network-level task solutions remains a challenge...
Giant quantum oscillations in thermal transport in low-density metals via electron absorption of phonons
Oscillations of conductance observed in strong magnetic fields are a striking manifestation of the quantum dynamics of charge carriers in solids. The large charge carrier density in typical metals set...
Bioinspired ion-shuttling memristor with both neuromorphic functions and ion selectivity
The fluidic memristor has attracted growing attention as a promising candidate for neuromorphic computing and brain–computer interfaces. However, a fluidic memristor with ion selectivity as that of na...
The neural bases of the reach–grasp movement in humans: Quantitative evidence from brain lesions
Visually guided grasping is a fundamental building block of animal behavior, the specific neural mechanisms of which remain poorly documented in the human brain. We have mapped the causal contribution...
Conformational free energy landscape of a glutamate transporter and microscopic details of its transport mechanism
Removing glutamate from the synaptic cleft is vital for proper function of the brain. Excitatory amino acid transporters mediate this process by uptaking the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft b...
Fluidization and anomalous density fluctuations in 2D Voronoi cell tissues with pulsating activity
Cells not only can be motile by crawling but are also capable of nonmotility active motions like periodic contraction or pulsation. In this work, based on a Voronoi cell model, we show how this nonmot...
Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase inhibition by nonnucleoside inhibitor HeE1-2Tyr
Targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 with small molecules is a promising therapeutic strategy against COVID-19, but potent and safe inhibitors are lacking. HeE1-2Tyr, a nonn...
A horizontally transferred bacterial gene aids the freezing tolerance of Antarctic bdelloid rotifers
Bdelloid rotifers are well known for their abilities to survive long periods of freezing as well as acquire foreign genes. Recently sequenced genomes of some bdelloid rotifers in England were found to...
MUC5AC filaments illuminate the structural diversification of respiratory and intestinal mucins
Secreted mucins are multimegadalton glycoprotein polymers that share the function of protecting mucosal tissues but diversified for activities in different organs of the body. Structural studies of se...
The effect of salt additives on the glycine crystallization pathway revealed by studying one crystal nucleation at a time
Molecular-level understanding of the early stage of crystallization remains a significant challenge. For a wide range of fundamental research and applications, it is of great importance to understand...
Hypercholesterolemia-induced LXR signaling in smooth muscle cells contributes to vascular lesion remodeling and visceral function
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the most abundant cell type in the artery’s media layer and regulate vascular tone and lesion remodeling during atherogenesis. Like monocyte-derived macrophages...
Urban highways are barriers to social ties
Urban highways are common, especially in the United States, making cities more car-centric. They promise the annihilation of distance but obstruct pedestrian mobility, thus playing a key role in limit...
S-nitrosylation-triggered secretion of mycobacterial PknG leads to phosphorylation of SODD to prevent apoptosis of infected macrophages
The tuberculosis-causing agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) establishes its niche inside macrophages by secretion of several virulence factors and engaging...
Structural basis of DNA replication fidelity of the Mpox virus
The Mpox virus (MPXV) is an orthopoxvirus that caused a global outbreak in 2022. The poxvirus DNA polymerase complex is responsible for the replication and integrity of the viral genome; however, the...
The mechanism of electrical conduction in glassy semiconductors
We argue that the dominant charge carrier in glassy semiconducting alloys is a compound particle in the form of an electron or hole bound to an intimate pair of topological lattice defects; the partic...