Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Audits of the 2020 American election show an accurate vote count
After many elections, the accuracy of the vote count is assessed by retabulating a small percentage of ballots. These audits form one of the richest bodies of evidence regarding electoral legitimacy,...
Genomic map of the functionally extinct northern white rhinoceros ( <i>Ceratotherium simum cottoni</i> )
The northern white rhinoceros (NWR; Ceratotherium simum cottoni ) is functionally extinct, with only two nonreproductive females alive. Efforts to rescue the NW...
Caveolin assemblies displace one bilayer leaflet to organize and bend membranes
Caveolin is a monotopic integral membrane protein, widely expressed in metazoans and responsible for constructing enigmatic membrane invaginations known as caveolae. Recently, the high-resolution stru...
The mechanics of the squash nick shot
Squash is a widely popular racket sport, practiced by millions of people worldwide, played inside a walled court. When played well, players can last for several minutes before the ball bounces twice o...
Split genetically encoded calcium indicators for interorganellar junctions
Genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have revolutionized the study of cellular calcium signaling, offering powerful tools for real-time optical monitoring of calcium dynamics. Although conte...
CaMK modulates sensory neural activity to control longevity and proteostasis
The impact of neural activity on aging and longevity remains poorly understood, with limited understanding of the specific neuron groups and molecular mechanisms that regulate lifespan. In this study,...
Real-world implementation of a noninvasive, AI-augmented, anemia-screening smartphone app and personalization for hemoglobin level self-monitoring
Anemia, characterized by low blood hemoglobin (Hgb) levels, afflicts >2 billion individuals worldwide. Here, we report real-world data generated by a smartphone app that noninvasively screens for a...
TCP3 is a substrate of the COP1/SPA ubiquitin ligase to regulate anthocyanin accumulation and flowering time in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
COP1 is a conserved ubiquitin ligase found in plants and animals. In plants, COP1 acts together with SPA proteins to suppress light signaling in darkness by promoting the degradation of transcription...
Transition ability to safe states reduces fear responses to height
Previous studies on fear extinction have primarily focused on repeated exposure to fear-inducing context without negative consequences. However, it is also possible that an individual can reduce fear...
Decoding collagen’s thermally induced unfolding and refolding pathways
Collagen has been evolutionarily selected as the preferred building block of extracellular structures. Despite inherent thermodynamic instability of individual proteins at body temperature, collagen m...
Motor imagery enhances performance beyond the imagined action
Motor imagery is frequently utilized to improve the performance of specific target movements in sports and rehabilitation. In this study, we show that motor imagery can facilitate learning of not only...
Reevaluating the relationship between female sociality and infant survival in wild baboons
Over the past few decades, studies have provided strong evidence that the robust links between the social environment, health, and survival found in humans also extend to nonhuman social animals. A nu...
Behavioral interventions motivate action to address climate change
Mitigating climate change requires urgent action at individual, collective, and institutional levels. However, individuals may fail to act because they perceive climate change as a threat that is dist...
Hot liquid marbles
In the insect realm, liquids become traps due to capillary and viscous forces dominant at their scale. Yet, aphids handle the highly viscous honeydew droplets they secrete by coating them with hydroph...
Mitochondria regulate MR1 protein expression and produce self-metabolites that activate MR1-restricted T cells
Mitochondria coordinate several metabolic pathways, producing metabolites that influence the immune response in various ways. It remains unclear whether mitochondria impact antigen presentation by the...
Lane formation in criss-crossing crowds
Localized tension–induced giant folding in unstructured elastic sheets
Buckling in compression is the archetype of elastic instability: when compressed along its longest dimension, a thin structure such as a playing card will buckle out-of-plane accommodating the imposed...
Individuals with substance use disorders experience an increased urge to move to complex music
Substance use disorders disrupt the dopaminergic system of the human brain, which plays a central role in movement and reward processing, altering perception, and cognition. The pleasurable urge to mo...
Antigen mobility regulates the dynamics and precision of antigen capture in the B cell immune synapse
B cells discriminate antigens in immune synapses by capturing them from antigen-presenting cells (APCs). This discrimination relies on the application of mechanical force to B cell receptor (BCR)-anti...
Trehalose dimycolate inhibits phagosome maturation and promotes intracellular <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> growth via noncanonical SNARE interactions
Mycobacterial cell envelopes are rich in unusual lipids and glycans that play key roles during infection and vaccination. The most abundant envelope glycolipid is trehalose dimycolate (TDM). TDM compr...
Time-varying global energy budget since 1880 from a reconstruction of ocean warming
The global energy budget is fundamental for understanding climate change. It states that the top-of-atmosphere imbalance between radiative forcing (which drives climate change) and radiative response...
Murine gut microbiota dysbiosis via enteric infection modulates the foreign body response to a distal biomaterial implant
The gut microbiota influences systemic immunity and the function of distal tissues, including the brain, liver, skin, lung, and muscle. However, the role of the gut microbiota in the foreign body resp...
Compositional analysis of obsidian artifacts from the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan, capital of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire
This study presents the results of geochemical compositional analysis through portable X-ray fluorescence of 788 artifacts from the Templo Mayor in Mexico City. The results reveal that the Mexica (Azt...
Born too young or too blue tips the scaling of a folded brain
Identification of nanoparticle infiltration in human breast milk: Chemical profiles and trajectory pathways
Breast milk is crucial for infant health, offering essential nutrients and immune protection. However, despite increasing exposure risks from nanoparticles (NPs), their potential infiltration into hum...