Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Lattice materials with topological states optimized on demand
Topological states of matter, first discovered in quantum systems, have opened new avenues for wave manipulation beyond the quantum realm. In elastic media, realizing these topological effects require...
Detecting chirality-induced spin selectivity in chromophore-linked DNA hairpins using photogenerated radical pairs
Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) results in spin polarization of electrons transmitted through chiral molecules and materials. Since CISS results in spin polarization even at room temperature...
Endocannabinoids inhibit contextual fear memory generalization via hippocampal GABAergic synaptic transmission
Memory generalization allows an organism to adapt to new conditions, but overgeneralization of fear or traumatic experiences can be detrimental to survival and contributes to the development of variou...
Structural insights into a citrate transporter that mediates aluminum tolerance in barley
HvAACT1 is a major aluminum (Al)-tolerance gene in barley, encoding a citrate transporter that belongs to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family. This transporter...
Cancer cells suppress NK cell activity by actin-driven polarization of inhibitory ligands to the immunological synapse
Natural killer (NK) cells engage target cells via the immunological synapse (IS), where inhibitory and activating signals determine whether NK cell cytotoxicity is suppressed or activated. We previous...
Computational investigation of water glasses using machine-learning potentials
The molecular origins of water’s anomalous properties have long been a subject of scientific inquiry. The liquid–liquid phase transition hypothesis, which posits the existence of distinct low-density...
Yeast adapts to diverse ecological niches driven by genomics and metabolic reprogramming
The famous model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely present in a variety of natural and human-associated habitats. Despite extensive studies of this or...
The radiation and geographic expansion of primates through diverse climates
One of the most influential hypotheses about primate evolution postulates that their origin, radiation, and major dispersals were associated with exceptionally warm conditions in tropical forests at n...
The evolution of zero-sum and positive-sum worldviews
People and cultures differ in the extent to which they view the world as a zero-sum environment (where one person’s gain is another’s loss) or a positive-sum environment (where certain actions can ben...
NIPBL and STAG1 enable loop extrusion by providing differential DNA–cohesin affinity
DNA loop extrusion by cohesin has emerged as a critical pathway for chromosome organization. In vitro single-molecule experiments indicate that loop extrusion requires the assembly of a heteropentamer...
Cognitive processes of ingroup favoritism across 20 countries: An eye-tracking investigation of culture, behavior, and cognition
Whether and to what degree culture modifies cognition has been an area of research often limited by possibilities to gather relevant data across societies. In this project, we leverage webcam-based ey...
Transcription termination promotes splicing efficiency and fidelity in a compact genome
Splicing of terminal introns is coupled to 3′-end processing by cleavage and polyadenylation (CPA) in mammalian genes. Whether this functional coupling is universally conserved across eukaryotes is un...
Hierarchical network of thermal plumes and their dynamics in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection
The link between characteristic coherent structures and their statistical properties in turbulent flows remains largely unclear and is thus a central bottleneck for a better understanding of turbulent...
Regulation of CD45 isoforms during human effector and memory CD8 T cell differentiation: Implications for T cell nomenclature
This study examines the expression of CD45 isoforms on human yellow fever virus vaccine (YFV-17D) specific CD8 T cells longitudinally after vaccination. As expected, effector CD8 T cells at day 14 exp...
A twisted chromophore powers a turn-on fluorescent protein chloride sensor
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are noninvasive genetically encodable probes that have revolutionized bioimaging and health fields with vivid images and an ever-growing repertoire from jellyfish to sea ane...
Engineering a highly selective, hemoprotein-based scavenger as a carbon monoxide poisoning antidote with no hypertensive effect
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning causes 50,000 to 100,000 emergency department visits and ~1,500 deaths in the United States annually. Current treatments are limited to supplemental and/or hyperbaric ox...
Striatal and cerebellar interactions during reward-based motor performance
Goal-directed motor performance relies on the brain’s ability to distinguish between actions that lead to successful and unsuccessful outcomes. The basal ganglia (BG) and cerebellum (CBL) are integral...
Engineered Un1Cas12f1 with boosted gene-editing activity and expanded genomic coverage
Compact programmable nucleases provide versatile genome editing tools with therapeutic potential, particularly when delivered via adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. However, their limited editing e...
Exploring glycoform-dependent dynamic modulations in human immunoglobulin G via computational and experimental approaches
We investigate the impact of glycoform alterations on the dynamic structure of the human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) Fc region using integrated computational and experimental approaches. Four distinct Ig...
Autophagy activator AA-20 improves proteostasis and extends <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> lifespan
The degradation of cellular components through autophagy is essential for longevity and healthy aging. However, autophagy function decreases with aging, contributing to age-related diseases. In this s...
What people learn from punishment: A cognitive model
Authorities, from parents of toddlers to leaders of formal institutions, use punishment to communicate disapproval and enforce social norms. Ideally, from whether and how severely a transgression is p...
A 75,000-y-old Scandinavian Arctic cave deposit reveals past faunal diversity and paleoenvironment
During the last glacial period (~118 to 11.7 ka), the Arctic has been characterized by a major redistribution of flora and fauna as a consequence of extreme climatic fluctuations, with associated glac...
Small lakes are suffocating as winters warm
The bacterial ESCRT-III PspA rods thin lipid tubules and increase membrane curvature through helix α0 interactions
The phage shock protein A (PspA), a bacterial member of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III superfamily, forms rod-shaped helical assemblies that internalize membrane tu...