Autophagy activator AA-20 improves proteostasis and extends <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> lifespan

E Ee Phie Tan (Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute) N Nora Lyang (Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute) S Saam Doroodian (Buck Institute for Research on Aging) P Pablo Sanz-Martinez (Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University) J Jin Xu S Sviatlana Zaretski (Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute) J José L. Nieto-Torres (Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute) H Hiroshi Ebata (Buck Institute for Research on Aging) S Shaun H. Y. Lim (Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute) W William C. Hou (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) K Khalyd J. Clay (Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute) L Leonard Yoon (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) L Lynée A. Massey (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) D Derek Rhoades (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) D Danny Garza (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) K Kristen A. Johnson (Calibr-Skaggs Institute for Innovative Medicines, The Scripps Research Institute) A Alan To (Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute) L Lydia Ambaye (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) E Emily P. Bentley (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) M Michael Petrascheck (Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute) A Alexandra Stolz (Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University) J Jeffery W. Kelly (Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute) M Malene Hansen (Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute)

Abstract

The degradation of cellular components through autophagy is essential for longevity and healthy aging. However, autophagy function decreases with aging, contributing to age-related diseases. In this study, we characterized a small-molecule activator of autophagy called AA-20 that enhances autophagy and lipid droplet clearance in human cells and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . AA-20 reduces polyglutamine aggregation in an autophagy-dependent manner in both human cells and C. elegans , where it also promotes fitness. Consistently, we found that AA-20 extends lifespan in WT C. elegans, but not in autophagy-deficient mutants. Interestingly, our findings suggest that AA-20 acts, at least in part, through a mechanism involving the transcription factor EB, but without inhibiting the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Collectively, our results identify an autophagy activator AA-20 , which may have potential therapeutic implications for aging-related proteinopathies and lipid storage disorders.

Article Details

Volume / Issue Vol. 122, Issue 32
Published August 12, 2025
ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher National Academy of Sciences

Authors (23)

E

Ee Phie Tan

Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

N

Nora Lyang

Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

S

Saam Doroodian

Buck Institute for Research on Aging

P

Pablo Sanz-Martinez

Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University

J

Jin Xu

S

Sviatlana Zaretski

Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

J

José L. Nieto-Torres

Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

H

Hiroshi Ebata

Buck Institute for Research on Aging

S

Shaun H. Y. Lim

Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute

W

William C. Hou

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

K

Khalyd J. Clay

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute

L

Leonard Yoon

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

L

Lynée A. Massey

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

D

Derek Rhoades

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

D

Danny Garza

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

K

Kristen A. Johnson

Calibr-Skaggs Institute for Innovative Medicines, The Scripps Research Institute

A

Alan To

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute

L

Lydia Ambaye

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

E

Emily P. Bentley

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

M

Michael Petrascheck

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute

A

Alexandra Stolz

Institute of Biochemistry, Goethe University

J

Jeffery W. Kelly

Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute

M

Malene Hansen

Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute