Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Genomes of nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes reveal an alternate path for organellogenesis
Endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT) and import of host-encoded proteins have been considered hallmarks of organelles necessary for stable integration of two cells. However, newer endosymbiotic models ha...
Maintenance suppression enhances subsequent associative learning
Removing irrelevant information from working memory (WM) can free cognitive resources and reduce interference with current task goals. Beyond these immediate benefits, removal may also support long-te...
Keys to the global treeline formation: Thermal limit for its position and moisture for the taxon-specific variation
Alpine treeline is a prominent biogeographic feature worldwide, determined by the physiological limit of tree life form. There are considerable variations in the various dimensions of physiological li...
Increased microbial carbon use efficiency upon abrupt permafrost thaw
Soil carbon (C) dynamics upon permafrost thaw represents a major uncertainty in climate projections. Both soil C loss and formation in permafrost regions are mediated by microorganisms, and the balanc...
Global profiling of N-terminal cysteine–dependent degradation mechanisms
Hypoxia, a condition characterized by insufficient oxygen supply, challenges cellular homeostasis and energy production, triggering adaptive responses to promote survival under these stressful conditi...
Client–scaffold interactions suppress aggregation of a client protein in model condensates
Many studies have shown that sequestration of client proteins into condensates locally increases their concentrations and/or modulates their conformational landscapes to promote aberrant aggregation....
Spatiotemporal distribution of the glycoprotein pherophorin II reveals stochastic geometry of the growing ECM of <i>Volvox carteri</i>
The evolution of multicellularity involved the transformation of a simple cell wall of unicellular ancestors into a complex, multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM). A suitable model organism to st...
The distortion–push mechanism for the γ subunit rotation in F <sub>1</sub> -ATPase
F 1 -ATPase comprises the stator ring consisting of α 3 β 3 subunits and the rot...
Suppressing mechanical property variability in recycled plastics via bioinspired design
Over 350 million metric tons of plastic waste are generated annually, with most ending up in landfills, dumps, or the environment, posing significant risks. Mechanical recycling remains underutilized,...
Gene regulatory logic of the interferon-β enhancer is characterized by two selectively deployed modes of transcription factor synergy
Type I interferon IFNβ is a key immune response cytokine, and when its expression is dysregulated, it causes disease. The regulation of IFNβ enhancer has been a touchpoint of mammalian gene control re...
Keystone predator and keystone intransitivity and the rescue of a competitively subdominant species
Two significant complications in the structure of ecological communities are its dimensionality (many species interacting) and its network diversity (many ways to “wire” the interactions). Two classic...
The 2025 M <sub>w</sub> 7.7 Mandalay, Myanmar, earthquake reveals a complex earthquake cycle with clustering and variable segmentation on the Sagaing Fault
We use remote sensing observations to document surface deformation caused by the 2025 M w 7.7 Mandalay earthquake. This event is a unique case of an extremely l...
Predictability and the pleasure of music
Sustained benefits of long-term biochar application for food security and climate change mitigation
Biochar application offers significant potential to enhance food security and mitigate climate change. However, most evidence stems from short-term field experiments (≤3 y), leaving uncertainty about...
Structural insights into VRC01-class bnAb precursors with diverse light chains elicited in the IAVI G001 human vaccine trial
The development of germline-targeting vaccines represents a potentially transformative strategy to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV and other antigenically diverse pathogens....
ITAF <sub>45</sub> is a pervasive <i>trans</i> -acting factor for picornavirus Type II IRES elements
Viruses have evolved elaborate mechanisms to hijack the host mRNA translation machinery to direct viral protein synthesis. Picornaviruses, whose RNA genome lacks a cap structure, inhibit cap-dependent...
Decoding memory function through naturalistic gaze patterns
Eye movements are closely linked to encoding and retrieval processes, with changes in viewing behavior reflecting age- and pathology-related memory decline. In the current study, we leveraged this rel...
Retraction for Jaijyan et al., New intranasal and injectable gene therapy for healthy life extension
Quantum spin liquid from electron–phonon coupling
A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic insulating phase with emergent gauge fields and fractionalized excitations. However, the unambiguous demonstration of the existence of a QSL in a “nonengineere...
Warm, water-depleted rocky exoplanets with surface ionic liquids: A proposed class for planetary habitability
The discovery of thousands of exoplanets and the emergence of telescopes capable of exoplanet atmospheric characterization have intensified the search for habitable worlds. Due to selection biases, ma...
<i>Sox11</i> genes affect neuronal differentiation in the developing zebrafish enteric nervous system
The vertebrate enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from vagal neural crest cells, which enter the foregut as progenitors that migrate from rostral to caudal to populate the entire length of the gu...
Remembrance of phytoplankton’s past
Familial transmission of neural representations for mental arithmetic across two generations
Parental skills are among the most powerful predictors of children’s outcomes. While distal genetic and environmental pathways likely contribute to skill transmission within families, much less is kno...
Measuring the selective packaging of RNA molecules by viral coat proteins in cells
Some RNA viruses package their genomes with extraordinary selectivity, assembling protein capsids around their own viral RNA while excluding nearly all host RNA. How the assembling proteins distinguis...
Circulating cell-free RNA signatures for the characterization and diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
People living with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) experience heterogeneous and debilitating symptoms that lack sufficient biological explanation, compounded by the absence...