Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Band pattern formation of erythrocytes in density gradients is due to competing aggregation and net buoyancy
Centrifugation of biological matter in density gradient solutions is a standard method for separating cell types or components. It is also used to separate red blood cells (RBCs) by age, as they lose...
Anyon delocalization transitions out of a disordered fractional quantum anomalous Hall insulator
Motivated by the experimental discovery of the fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect, we develop a theory of doping-induced transitions out of the...
Correction for Huang et al., Impulsivity is a stable, measurable, and predictive psychological trait
Locomotion-dependent use of geometric and body cues in humans mapping 3D space
The ability to represent locations across multiple dimensions of space is a core function of cognitive maps. While the influence of boundary-dependent environmental geometry on spatial representations...
Correction for Michael et al., A cascade of structural rearrangements positions peptide release factor 2 for polypeptide hydrolysis on the ribosome
Correction for AbuHammad et al., Regulation of PRMT5–MDM4 axis is critical in the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in melanoma
Neutral theory of cooperative dynamics
Mutualistic interactions are widespread in nature, from plant communities and microbiomes to human organizations. Along with competition for resources, cooperative interactions shape biodiversity and...
Emergent eukaryotic directional sensing via receptor degradation and diffusion
Directional sensing enables eukaryotic cells to detect spatial gradients of extracellular ligands, allowing them to orient and migrate within complex environments. Prevalent models explain this comput...
Platelet-engineered CAR-T cells as adjuvant therapy after cancer surgery
Surgery remains the mainstay treatment for many kinds of solid tumors, while tumor recurrence frequently occurs. Adjuvant therapy can reduce the risk of recurrence and improve the prognosis of surgery...
Intrinsic neuronal network organization of a mammalian peripheral nervous system
The vertebrate nervous system is traditionally parceled topographically into central and peripheral divisions. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) in turn is commonly viewed functionally as a set of n...
Convergent mutation trajectories convert functional self-tolerance in IGHV4-34 B cells to genetic tolerance encoded in the antibody
Preventing autoantibody secretion by rendering self-reactive B cells functionally silent through clonal anergy has long posed the question of why fill the circulating B cell repertoire with cells that...
MTHFR allele and one-carbon metabolic profile predict severity of COVID-19
While the public health burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection has lessened due to natural and vaccine-acquired immunity, emergence of less virulent variants, and antiviral medications, COVID-19 continues to...
Electroextraction of low-concentration redox-active heavy metals with E <sup>θ</sup> < 0 V from acid mine drainage
Electrochemical recovery of heavy metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) offers a sustainable solution to global AMD contamination, yet remains challenged by thermodynamic and kinetic barriers in reduci...
Airborne PET nanoplastics alter tobacco’s chemical risk
Atmospheric micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), enter plants via leaves, accumulating in tissues. Foliar PET nanoplastic exposure alters Nicotia...
Body ownership gates tactile awareness by reshaping the somatosensory functional connectivity
We all likely agree that tactile experience contributes to the emergence of the feeling of ownership over one’s own body. Is the opposite true? We answered this question by testing whether and how the...
Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics reveal the cell populations of intercalary meristems in bamboo
Intercalary meristems (IcMs), specialized developmental zones that drive rapid stem elongation in monocots, exhibit distinct spatiotemporal dynamics; however, their genetic basis remains poorly unders...
Uncovering inequalities in new knowledge learning by large language models across different languages
As large language models (LLMs) gradually demonstrate their potential to boost productivity and become integral tools for problem-solving in daily life worldwide, understanding the linguistic inequali...
Stabilizing calcium nitride for efficient, long-term electrochemical ammonia synthesis
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions via calcium-mediated nitrogen fixation holds considerable promise but is impeded by fundamental gaps such as poor gas–liquid interface stability...
Merkel cell mechanotransduction facilitates adult neurogenesis and cognition in an enriched environment
The tactile system empowers us to act on and interact with the changes of the external environment. In rodents, tactile sensation, a fundamental sense, is largely mediated via the vibrissae and the ba...
Interprotomer communication and functional asymmetry in H/ACA snoRNPs
H/ACA small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (H/ACA snoRNPs) facilitate essential cellular processes such as RNA modification, folding, and stability. Here, we present multiple cryo-EM structures of endog...
Proteasome stress activates YAP/TAZ through the RAP2–MAP4Ks–LATS1/2 pathway and its therapeutic implications in solid tumors
Tumor cells heavily depend on proteasome-mediated protein turnover, making the proteasome an attractive therapeutic target. Clinically, proteasome inhibitors are effective against hematologic cancers...
Heavy-tailed update distributions arise from information-driven self-organization in nonequilibrium learning
Like human decision-making under real-world constraints, artificial neural networks may balance free exploration in parameter space with task-relevant adaptation. In this study, we identify consistent...
DNA methylation shapes transcription factor binding beyond canonical CpG contexts
Cytosine methylation is a key epigenetic modification that regulates transcription factor (TF) binding and gene expression. While most current understanding of methylation-sensitive TF binding derives...
Geography of masting creates greater synchrony in seed scarcity than in seed abundance
Interannually highly variable and synchronized production of large seed crops by perennial plants, called masting, drives resource pulses and famines with cascading effects on food webs. While the spa...