Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Elevator mechanism dynamics in a sodium-coupled dicarboxylate transporter
VcINDY, the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter from Vibrio cholerae , is responsible for C...
Hypersensitivity of chitin degradation to initial species densities due to monomer diffusion
Resource competition strongly shapes microbial community dynamics and functionality. In polysaccharide-degrading communities, primary degraders release hydrolytic enzymes, whereas exploiters consume r...
Timing and magnitude of the Lomagundi–Jatuli carbon isotope excursion
The rise of atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) (ca. 2.5 to 2.1 billion years ago) permanently transformed Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. The chemistry of contemporaneous marine...
Long-term effects of forty-hertz auditory stimulation as a treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: Insights from an aged monkey model study
Based mainly on rodents studies, forty-hertz (40-Hz) physical stimulation has been regarded as a potential noninvasive treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Considering the brain differences between...
Primate gut microbiota induce evolutionarily salient changes in mouse neurodevelopment
Multiple primate species, including humans, evolved brains that are exceptionally large relative to their body sizes. These large brains coevolved with metabolic adaptations that enhance cerebral ener...
Sex-allocation trade-offs and their genetic architecture revealed by experimental evolution
The theory of sex allocation is hailed as one of evolutionary biology’s great successes. But while it has successfully predicted strategies of resource allocation to male versus female offspring under...
Income insufficiency impacts early brain development in infants facing increased psychosocial adversity: A network-based approach
Early adversity is associated with brain changes that negatively impact development, social-emotional functioning, and academic achievement. The multifaceted nature of adversity complicates efforts to...
Deep evolutionary conservation of a sex-determining locus without sequence homology
Sex determination is fundamental to eukaryotic life, yet its molecular basis varies widely across the tree of life. In most animal clades, sex-determining mechanisms are highly diverse and evolve rapi...
Molecular basis of the higher-order assembly of CatSper
CatSper serves as the primary Ca 2+ entry pathway in the principal piece of sperm flagellum and is crucial for sperm motility and fertility. Sperm lacking funct...
Estimating US savings on outpatient prescription pharmaceuticals from international reference pricing
The exorbitant cost of prescription pharmaceuticals is a critical and long-standing concern facing the United States (US). To curb rising drug costs, international reference pricing, aligning drug pri...
Linking culture and individual behavior: The concept and measurement of cultural consonance
Culture has been a central concept in the social sciences for well over a century. Yet, a theory of culture with an associated measurement model providing the means to systematically study its effects...
Cerebellar Purkinje cell firing reduction contributes to aging-related declining motor coordination in mice
Aging is associated with the decline of many bodily functions including motor coordination. Aging-related impairment in motor coordination can result in falls, which reduce independence, health span,...