Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
In situ observations of gold deposition in a dense liquid layer at the pyrite–water interface
Pyrite-triggered precipitation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is crucial for generating high-grade gold deposits, yet its dynamic process and mechanism at the pyrite–water interface remain unclear due...
Plasmid mutation rates scale with copy number
Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules that spread by horizontal transfer and shape bacterial evolution. Plasmids are typically present at multiple copies per bacterial cell, and these extra copi...
Probing the dark energy in the functional protein universe
We show how to localize and quantify the functional evolutionary constraints on natural proteins. Protein folding has been one of the strongest constraints in sequence evolution. The method we propose...
Paleoclimate pattern effects help constrain climate sensitivity and 21st-century warming
Paleoclimates provide examples of past climate change that inform estimates of modern warming from greenhouse-gas emissions, known as Earth’s climate sensitivity. However, differences between past and...
Correction for Abels et al., Manipulating anthracyclines for deeper tissue penetration and implications for glycolytic tissues
Emergent ferromagnetism and unusual irreversible magnetoresistance in an intercalated van der Waals antiferromagnet
Orthorhombic air-stable two-dimensional (2D) antiferromagnet (AFM) CrSBr has attracted much research interest lately thanks to its rich magnetic behaviors together with its remarkable electronic, exci...
GFP-free live neuron quantitative imaging reveals compartmentalization and growth dynamics of polyQ aggregates
Huntington’s Disease (HD), the most prevalent polyglutamine (polyQ) neurodegenerative disorder, features brain aggregates induced by mutant huntingtin (mHtt) proteins harboring expanded polyQ tracts....
A single-domain expansin-like protein from <i>Gloeophyllum trabeum</i> able to cleave xylan
Expansin-related proteins (ERPs) are a broad group of plant cell wall–loosening proteins and are considered noncatalytic, as, to date, no cell wall–derived products have been observed as a result of c...
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha regulates fetal testis differentiation via an ERK–CREB axis
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha ( Pdgfra ) plays a crucial role in mesenchymal cell differentiation, but the molecular signali...
Retraction for Huang et al., Nanospherical arabinogalactan proteins are a key component of the high-strength adhesive secreted by English ivy
Correction for Keogh and Bilal, Combinatorial asymmetric acoustic metamaterials with real-time programmability
Structural characterization of the HDV virion and its ribonucleoprotein
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small RNA satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV) which encodes a single protein, HDV delta antigen (HDAg), that is required for replication. Viral replication occurs i...
The molecular mechanism of lipid uptake by membrane-anchored bridge-like lipid transfer proteins
Lipid transport by bridge-like lipid transfer proteins (BLTPs) is emerging as a key process in lipid and cellular metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the precise mec...
Spatially regulated mRNA translation enables functional membrane protein integration in synthetic cells
Synthetic cells aim to emulate living systems by reconstituting essential cellular processes within lipid-bound architectures. However, their functional complexity remains constrained by a key challen...
Genetic associations with education have increased and are patterned by socioeconomic context: Evidence from 3 studies born 1946–1970
Social scientists have long sought to investigate whether the predictors of educational attainment (EA) have changed across time. Here, we provide insights by incorporating genetic predictors of educa...
Quantifying the compressibility of the human brain
In the human brain, the allowed patterns of activity are constrained by the correlations between brain regions. Yet it remains unclear which correlations—and how many—are needed to predict large-scale...
α2-macroglobulin function of thioester-containing proteins guards <i>Drosophila</i> from a bacterial protease via two immune-induced peptides
RNAseq analysis of the Drosophila genome has revealed further immune-induced genes. Two genes initially annotated as lncRNAs, CG44404...
A cytokine receptor–targeting chimera toolbox for expanding extracellular targeted protein degradation
Extracellular targeted protein degradation (eTPD) is an important new modality for manipulating the extracellular proteome. However, most eTPD receptors are expressed broadly or are restricted to the...
Structural basis for iterative methylation by a cobalamin-dependent radical <i>S</i> -adenosylmethionine enzyme in cystobactamids biosynthesis
Cystobactamids are nonribosomal peptide natural products that function as DNA gyrase inhibitors, exhibiting significant antibacterial activity. They are isolated from Cystobacter sp. Cbv34 and contain...
Selective targeting of NRF2-high pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with an NQO1-activatable prodrug
Activation of transcription factor NRF2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) promotes aggressive tumor phenotype and protection from therapy-induced oxidative stress. We postulated that NRF2...
The contribution of increased global soil salinity to changes in inorganic carbon
Soil salinization poses a serious environmental challenge, but the impact of global salinity on SIC (Soil Inorganic Carbon) remains unclear. Using 94,515 samples from 0 to 200 cm depth, combined with...
Anharmonicity driven unusual particle-to-wave-like phonon crossover leads to ultralow thermal conductivity in Tl <sub>2</sub> AgI <sub>3</sub>
Realization of unusual particle-to-wave-like crossover in phonon transport and understanding its fundamental structural origin can guide the design of materials with ultralow thermal conductivity. Her...
The role of fibration symmetries in geometric deep learning
Geometric Deep Learning (GDL) unifies a broad class of machine learning techniques from the perspectives of symmetries, offering a framework for introducing problem-specific inductive biases like Grap...
A shear-induced limit on bacterial surface adhesion in fluid flow
Controlling bacterial surface adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation in fluid systems is crucial for the safety and efficacy of medical and industrial processes. Here, we theoretically examine the...
Bioresponsive immunomodulator nanocomplex for selective immunoengineering in metastatic lymph nodes
Lymph node (LN) metastasis (LNM) frequently occurs in various cancer types and is associated with high aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and low survival rates. However, effective clinical interventions...