Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Transregional astrocyte-dependent metaplasticity in the hippocampus

Learning-related synaptic plasticity is regulated by metaplasticity, which adjusts plasticity thresholds in an activity-dependent manner. We have previously described a heterodendritic form of metapla...

The structure of correlated variability reflects task-relevant information in sensory neurons

Shared trial-to-trial variability across sensory neurons is reliably reduced when perceptual performance improves, yet this variability is low dimensional, so it could be ignored by an optimal readout...

Intracellular structural modifications of natural peptidoglycan fragments preceding NOD2 signaling in mammalian cells

Bacterial peptidoglycan fragments (PGNs) are pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate the mammalian innate immune system, particularly through NOD2 signaling pathways. Since NOD2 is a cyto...

Morphological and functional diversity of spatially resolved vestibular ganglion neuron cell types

Vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs) are the primary sensory neurons of the vestibular system, a relatively understudied sensory modality that is essential for maintaining visual stability and postural...

Controlled generation of 3D vortices in driven atomic Josephson junctions

We propose an ac-driven atomic Josephson junction as a clean and tunable source of three-dimensional (3D) solitary waves in quantum fluids. Depending on the height of the junction barrier, the emitted...

Shared neurogenetic substrates of nonplanning impulsivity and procrastination

Procrastination has a maladaptive impact on health and survival, yet it remains moderately heritable, presenting a biological paradox. Procrastination has been conceptualized as a byproduct of impulsi...

Physical encounters impose a consistency–amount trade-off on bacterial group formation in marine environments

Physically associated bacterial groups can enhance resilience through emergent traits, including access to inaccessible substrates, increased stress tolerance, and reduced predation. These traits aris...

HIV-1 capsid interactions with Nuclear Pore Complex components support nuclear entry via affinity gradient

Before entering the nucleus, the HIV capsid core [composed of capsid (CA) proteins] must translocate through the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC). This process relies on direct interactions between CA and t...

Tropical forests are facing increasing risks of exposure to critical temperature thresholds

Understanding how close tropical tree species are to critical temperature thresholds that might impede photosynthetic activity is vital in a world where heat waves have become more severe and frequent...

The role of nonfinancial factors in the Congressional Budget Office’s health insurance coverage projections

Nonfinancial factors play an important role in people’s coverage decisions as premiums, cost sharing, and other factors that determine the financial value of health insurance cannot fully explain patt...

Small but mighty: The outsized role of small water bodies in the global carbon cycle

4D force patterning enables spatial control of angiogenesis

Engineering organized microvascular networks remains a critical challenge in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. While biochemical approaches for patterning angiogenesis via growth factor de...

Magnetically actuated microrobotic system for sequential treatment of biofilm

Biofilm-associated infections present a critical therapeutic challenge due to antibiotic resistance and impaired tissue healing. Here, we present a microrobotic system (MZ-8) that integrates real-time...

Feeding health inequality through platform-based food delivery in China

This study examines how the expansion of online food delivery platforms affects health inequality in China. Exploiting the staggered rollout of platforms across counties and nationally representative...

Reply to Huang and Dong: Clarifying the interpretation of rapid steroid effects in social recognition

Distinguishing direct androgenic signaling from local aromatization in the lateral septum

Functional traits produce conditional outcomes in different community contexts

Identification and distribution of a downregulatory signaling alkyloxazole in <i> <i>Streptomyces</i> </i>

Streptomyces use small molecules to dictate morphological development and secondary metabolism. Most of these signaling compounds are inducers derived from γ-b...

User interaction with digital platforms: A consumer protection perspective

The rapid growth of digital platforms has transformed how consumers interact with the marketplace and led to new challenges for consumer protection. This Perspective describes how the Federal Trade Co...

Vimentin promotes actin assembly by stabilizing ATP-actin subunits at the barbed end

Vimentin intermediate filaments play essential roles in maintaining cell integrity and regulating numerous cellular functions. In particular, vimentin cooperates with the actin cytoskeleton in key cel...

Structural characterization of human neutralizing antibodies against JC and BK polyomaviruses

The human JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in immunocompromised individuals. JCPyV frequently undergoes mutations in PML...

Applied behavioral and decision sciences in support of US FDA’s drug regulatory mission

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) makes and communicates decisions that directly affect the health choices and well-being of the US public. Behavioral and decision scientists have long support...

Stress granules as RNA triage hubs suppress extracellular vesicle secretion under oxidative stress in cancer

Cancer cells confronting oxidative stress must coordinate their extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion to balance intercellular signaling with the intracellular programs required for survival, yet how t...

Asymmetric and intermittent supershear rupture mediated by local fault complexity during the 2025 <i> M _W </i> 7.7 Myanmar earthquake

We determine the detailed rupture process of the 2025 M W 7.7 Myanmar earthquake by joint inve...