Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Metabolic control of glycosylation forms for establishing glycan-dependent protein interaction networks
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial for comprehending the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying diverse biological processes and disease progression. However, investigatin...
Telescopes team up to probe distant worlds
Reciprocal interaction between cortical SST and PV interneurons in top–down regulation of retinothalamic refinement
Refinement of thalamic circuits is crucial for the proper maturation of sensory circuits. In the visual system, this process is regulated by corticothalamic feedback during the experience-dependent ph...
Homoploid hybridization adds clarity to the origins of octoploid strawberries
The evolutionary histories of many polyploid plant species are difficult to resolve due to a complex interplay of hybridization, incomplete lineage sorting, and missing diploid progenitors. In the cas...
Tumor-promoting UBR4 coordinates impaired mitophagy–associated senescence and lung adenocarcinoma pathogenesis
Cellular senescence, an irreversible cell cycle arrest, plays a pivotal role in development, aging, and tumor suppression. However, the fundamental pathway coordinating senescence and neoplastic trans...
Reactivation of an embryonic cardiac neural crest transcriptional profile during zebrafish heart regeneration
During vertebrate development, the heart primarily arises from mesoderm, with crucial contributions from cardiac neural crest (CdNC) cells that migrate to the heart and form a variety of cardiovascula...
Conserving the beauty of the world’s reef fish assemblages
On shallow rocky and coral reefs, cultural and recreational values, like aesthetics, are critical aspects of Nature’s Contributions to People (NCP) that support human well-being and provide billions o...
Estimating the extent and sources of model uncertainty in political science
Assessing model uncertainty is crucial to quantitative political science. Yet, most available sensitivity analyses focus only on a few modeling choices, most notably the covariate space, while neglect...
Enigmatic carbon isotopic variability in the oceanic upper mantle
Unraveling the origin(s) of carbon on Earth has remained challenging, not only because of the multiple isotopic fractionation episodes that may have occurred during planet formation processes but also...
An ancient origin of the naked grains of maize
Adaptation to novel environments requires genetic variation, but whether adaptation typically acts upon preexisting genetic variation or must wait for new mutations remains a fundamental question in e...
Sp140L functions as a herpesvirus restriction factor suppressing viral transcription and activating interferon-stimulated genes
Herpesviruses, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) – a human oncogenic virus and essential trigger of multiple sclerosis – must bypass host DNA-sensing mechanisms to establish lifelong, latent infectio...
Linking pregnancy- and birth-related risk factors to a multivariate fusion of child cortical structure
Pregnancy- and birth-related factors affect offspring brain development, emphasizing the importance of early life exposures. While most previous studies have focused on a few variables in isolation, h...
The brain computes dynamic facial movements for emotion categorization using a third pathway
Emerging theories in cognitive neuroscience propose a third brain pathway dedicated to processing biological motion, alongside the established ventral and dorsal pathways. However, its role in computi...
ATF6 enables pathogen infection in ticks by inducing <i>stomatin</i> and altering cholesterol dynamics
How tick-borne pathogens interact with their hosts has been primarily studied in vertebrates where disease is observed. Comparatively less is known about pathogen interactions within the tick. Here, w...
The oncogene SLC35F2 is a high-specificity transporter for the micronutrients queuine and queuosine
The nucleobase queuine (q) and its nucleoside queuosine (Q) are micronutrients derived from bacteria that are acquired from the gut microbiome and/or diet in humans. Following cellular uptake, Q is in...
Gut sulfide metabolism modulates behavior and brain bioenergetics
The host–microbiome interface is rich in metabolite exchanges and exquisitely sensitive to diet. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is present at high concentrations at t...
Terrestrial locomotion of microscopic robots enabled by 3D nanomembranes with nonreciprocal shape morphing
Microscopic robots exhibit efficient locomotion in liquids by leveraging fluid dynamics and chemical reactions to generate force asymmetry, thereby enabling critical applications in photonics and biom...
Single antisense oligonucleotides correct diverse splicing mutations in hotspot exons
Mutations that impact splicing play a significant role in disease etiology but are not fully understood. To characterize the impact of exonic variants on splicing in 71 clinically actionable disease g...
Cryo-EM structures of GnRHR: Foundations for next-generation therapeutics
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is critical for reproductive health and a key therapeutic target for endocrine disorders and hormone-responsive cancers. Using high-resolution cryoelect...
Deep mechanism design: Learning social and economic policies for human benefit
Human society is coordinated by mechanisms that control how prices are agreed, taxes are set, and electoral votes are tallied. The design of robust and effective mechanisms for human benefit is a core...
Heterogeneity, reinforcement learning, and chaos in population games
Inspired by the challenges at the intersection of Evolutionary Game Theory and Machine Learning, we investigate a class of discrete-time multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) dynamics in population...
Tabula rasa agents display emergent in-group behavior
Theories on group-bias often posit an internal preparedness to bias one’s cognition to favor the in-group (often envisioned as a product of evolution). In contrast, other theories suggest that group-b...
Evolving general cooperation with a Bayesian theory of mind
Theories of the evolution of cooperation through reciprocity explain how unrelated self-interested individuals can accomplish more together than they can on their own. The most prominent theories of r...
Decreased mitochondrial activity in the demyelinating cerebellum of progressive multiple sclerosis and chronic EAE contributes to Purkinje cell loss
In multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebellar gray matter atrophy, white matter demyelination, and Purkinje cell (PC) loss have been linked to tremors, impaired motor control, and loss of coordination. Simil...
A distinct LHCI arrangement is recruited to photosystem I in Fe-starved green algae
Iron (Fe) availability limits photosynthesis at a global scale where Fe-rich photosystem (PS) I abundance is drastically reduced in Fe-poor environments. We used single-particle cryoelectron microscop...