Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Articles in this Issue
Polyploidy promotes transformation of epithelial cells into nonprofessional phagocytes
Removal of dead and damaged cells is critical for organismal health. Under stress conditions such as nutritional deprivation, infection, or temperature shift, the clearance of nonessential cells becom...
Tenure and research trajectories
Tenure is a cornerstone of the US academic system, yet its relationship to faculty research trajectories remains poorly understood. Conceptually, tenure systems may act as a selection mechanism, scree...
Ras-mediated dynamic and biphasic regulation of cell migration
Ras has traditionally been regarded as a positive regulator and therapeutic target due to its role in cell proliferation, but recent findings indicate a more nuanced role in cell migration, where supp...
Sound-evoked tonic motility of cochlear outer hair cells in mice with stereociliary defects
Mammalian hearing sensitivity depends on the amplification of sound-induced cochlear vibrations by outer hair cells (OHCs). OHCs transduce deflections of their stereociliary bundles into receptor pote...
Static allometries of caste-associated traits vary with genotype but not environment in the clonal raider ant
Polyphenic traits in animals often exhibit nonlinear scaling with body size. Static allometries (i.e., scaling relationships) themselves can exhibit plasticity, such that individuals of the same size...
OGG1 augments the transcriptional activation of <i>Foxp3</i> to promote iTreg differentiation for IBD alleviation
8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG), the most frequent form of oxidative-DNA-base lesion caused by ROS, is recognized and repaired by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) through base excision repair (...
An electron-bifurcating “plug” to a protein nanowire in tungsten-dependent aldehyde detoxification
Members of the tungsten-containing oxidoreductase (WOR) family, which contain a tungstopyranopterin (Tuco) cofactor, are typically either monomeric (WorL) or heterodimeric (WorLS). These enzymes oxidi...
Gibberellin-deactivating GA2OX enzymes act as a hub for auxin–gibberellin cross talk in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> root growth regulation
Plant bodies are built from immobile cells, making the regulation of cell expansion essential for growth, development, and adaptation. In roots, cell elongation executes the movement of the root tips...
Central memory T cells with key TCR repertoires and gene expression profiles dominate influenza CD8+ T cell pools across the human lifespan
Central memory CD8 + T cells (T cm ) represent the prominent memory T cell subset in human blood, yet the persistence of...
Sharks and rays have the oldest vertebrate sex chromosome with unique sex determination mechanisms
Sex determination has been investigated across vertebrate lineages to reveal the stepwise evolution of sex chromosomes and the diversity of responsible molecular mechanisms. However, these studies rar...
Leveraging chromatin packing domains to target chemoevasion in vivo
Cancer cells exhibit a remarkable resilience to cytotoxic stress, often adapting through transcriptional changes linked to alterations in chromatin structure. In several types of cancer, these adaptat...
Previous epidemiological studies support the idea of ileal microbiota triggering multiple sclerosis
Mechanistic modeling or machine learning for detecting variants of concern: Why not both?
Modulation of histone tail electrostatic potentials in nucleosome core particles by acetylation and PARylation
Cellular DNA is wrapped about an octamer composed of four histone proteins forming the fundamental unit of chromatin structure, the nucleosome core particle (NCP). The intrinsically disordered tails o...
Ancient seabed checkerboard: How setae shaped spatial distributions of Silurian brachiopods
Understanding the drivers of spatial patterns in fossil communities is fundamental to paleoecology, yet direct evidence for biological mechanisms regulating interindividual spacing remains elusive. Br...
TMEM63A, associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of myelination
Infantile hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 19 (HLD19) is a rare genetic disorder where patients exhibit reduced myelin in central nervous system (CNS) white matter tracts and present with varied neurolo...
eIF4A controls translation of estrogen receptor alpha and is a therapeutic target in advanced breast cancer
Most breast cancers depend on hormone-stimulated estrogen receptor alpha (ER) activity and are sensitive to ER inhibition. Resistance can arise from activating mutations in the gene encoding ER (...
An ancient immune pathway enables animal metamorphosis
Spatial and temporal scale–dependent feedbacks govern dynamics of biocrusts in drylands
Biota could be ecosystem engineers in generating an intrinsic heterogeneous landscape through scale-dependent feedbacks. Thereby, they can form resource-enriched patchiness or islands of fertility, co...
Thermal mismatch models derived from occurrence data predict pathogen prevalence in frogs
Emerging infectious diseases increasingly threaten many wildlife populations, yet the impacts of pathogens vary considerably both within and among host species. The environmental tolerance mismatch hy...
Optimistic people are all alike: Shared neural representations supporting episodic future thinking among optimistic individuals
Optimism is a critical personality trait that influences future-oriented cognition by emphasizing positive future outcomes and deemphasizing negative outcomes. How does the brain represent idiosyncrat...
Amino acid transfer free energies reveal thermodynamic driving forces in biomolecular condensate formation
The self-assembly of intrinsically disordered proteins into biomolecular condensates depends on their primary sequence, leading to sequence-dependent phase separation. Computational methods to study t...
Electroreception in treehoppers: How extreme morphologies can increase electrical sensitivity
The link between form and function of an organism’s morphology is usually apparent or intuitive. However, some clades of organisms show remarkable diversity in their form, often exhibiting extreme mor...
Lipid residue analysis reveals divergent culinary practices in Japan and Korea at the dawn of intensive agriculture
The dispersal of millet and rice agriculture from Korea to Japan from around 3,000 y ago has been well documented through radiocarbon analysis of botanical remains and surveying seed impressions on po...