PLoS ONE
Articles in this Issue
A novel design using a virtual control group to evaluate non-inferiority of nevirapine and lamivudine dual maintenance in HIV therapy
Purpose Reducing the number of drugs in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) likely reduces toxicity. We hypothesized that dual therapy (DT) with nevirapine (NVP) and lamivudine...
Inferring plant-bee-microbe associations: Foragers, hive workers, and honey tell complementary stories
Pollinators, both wild and managed, form diverse associations with plants and microbes which affect the wellbeing of the plants and the pollinators. The method by which these associations are sampled...
Effect of Cosmos Caudatus supplementation and aerobic exercise on selected neurobehaviour, biochemical profile and histology in rats with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) induced by AlCl3: Study Protocol
Background Cosmos caudatus (C. caudatus) or ‘ulam raja’ is a local plant with antioxidant properties and has the potential to act again...
Air quality index prediction using machine learning regression models: A comparative analysis
Air plays a vital role in human life, and poor air quality can lead to respiratory infections. Given the significant impact of air quality on people’s health, monitoring and assessing air quality is c...
Intergenerational patterns of digital use: Evidence from a large cross-sectional study
This study aims to determine the level of digital use across six generations (Greatest, Silent, Baby Boomers, and Generations X, Y and Z) within a district in North East England (population ~200,000)....
Mediating role of depression medication on association between Body Mass Index and cigarette smoking among US adults: Insights from the NHIS
Depression in people who are obese, and smoke cigarettes is often complicated by the possibility of using smoking as a tool for coping with stress. This study sought to determine the mediating role of...
Age-range–matched external validation of standard liver volume equations: Methodological re-evaluation of 13 regression models
Background and aim Accurate estimation of standard liver volume (SLV) is essential in hepatobiliary surgery, particularly in living donor liver transplantation and hepatic resectio...
Towards new animal models of pure hypoxic Lance-Adams syndrome: Negative results
Lance-Adams syndrome is a severe and disabling posthypoxic myoclonus in humans. Its underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We aimed to develop a new animal model of Lance-Adams syndrome. We performe...
Establishment of a large-scale oral disease registry (NDCS-ODR) in a national specialty center
This study describes the establishment of the National Dental Centre Singapore Oral Disease Registry (NDCS-ODR), a large-scale, electronic health records registry designed to capture real-world data o...
Identification of the oxidation stress-related gene signatures and functional verification of MINK1 in prostate cancer cells
Background A major challenge facing prostate cancer (PCa) cells is oxidative stress, yet the precise role and underlying mechanisms remain inadequately elucidated. The study sought...
Can LLMs improve the accuracy of behavior prediction for personnel in high-stakes scenarios by predicting emotions? — A fine-tuning study based on scarce homogeneous cultural data in high-pressure environments
Research on human behavior prediction using LLMs is increasingly prevalent. This study addresses a key question in the interdisciplinary fields of behavioral science and artificial intelligence: Can L...
Assessing mathematics anxiety with the AMAS: Measurement invariance across four countries
Mathematics Anxiety (MA) affects people of all ages, influencing academic success and daily life. The Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale (AMAS) is a widely used self-report questionnaire measuring MA and...
Zoonotic endoparasites and Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in free-roaming cats (Felis catus) from New York City boroughs
Free-roaming cats ( Felis catus ) can serve as reservoirs of various zoonotic parasites in urban settings. Despite a large population of free-roaming cats aroun...
Diagnostic accuracy, operational feasibility, and cost considerations of Truenat MTB Plus and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for pulmonary tuberculosis
Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. The World Health Organization (WHO) endorses nucleic acid a...
Recognizing distance-count matrices
Axiomatizing centrality measures often requires proving that certain properties do not hold by exhibiting a counterexample (i.e., a graph for which a given centrality measure does not satisfy a specif...
A lab-scale prototype development of Lignin-Formaldehyde (LF) resin: A bio-renewable adhesive for wood panel industries
This study evaluated laboratory-prepared wood adhesives synthesized from alkaline lignins isolated from three locally available biomasses: chir pine needles (CP), eucalyptus sawdust (ESD), and sugarca...
Explainability in action: A metric-driven assessment of local explanations for healthcare tabular models
Explainable AI (XAI) is increasingly used in clinical machine learning, yet quantitative evaluation of explanation quality is often reported inconsistently across methods and datasets. We present a re...
Determinants of HIV testing uptake among adolescent girls and young women in mainland Tanzania: A stratified analysis of the 2016/17 and 2022/2023 national surveys
Background Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are disproportionately vulnerable to HIV. Despite expanded HIV testing services (HTS), the majority of AGYW remain unaware of the...
Compression benchmarking of holotomography data using OME-Zarr format
Holotomography (HT) is a label-free, three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging technique that captures refractive index distributions of biological samples at sub-micron resolution. As modern HT sy...
Air fryer ownership, household food-related task sharing, cooking skills, and mediterranean diet adherence among cohabiting adults in Türkiye: A cross-sectional study
Air fryers are increasingly used in home kitchens, yet their relationships with domestic culinary labour and diet quality remain unclear. This cross-sectional study included cohabiting adults in Istan...
Integrative analyses reveal the evolution of the Old World Swallowtail in the Palearctic
Based on a dataset of 585 samples originating from across the Palearctic region and four genes (COI, CAD, Ca-ATPase, and 28S) for a subset of these samples, we studied the phylogenetic relationships w...
Bioinformatics analysis reveals the characteristics of immune microenvironment in major depressive disorder and vitiligo
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) and vitiligo often occur together, worsening patient outcomes. However, the shared pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear....
A clinical pilot study for personalized risk-based breast cancer screening utilizing a polygenic risk score
Background Population-based mammographic screening is primarily age-based. However, breast cancer risk is multifactorial, and women may benefit from personalized risk-based screeni...
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding type 2 diabetes and associated factors among rural adolescents in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an increasingly important public health concern in Indonesia and is increasingly affecting adolescents at a growing rate due to lifestyle tran...
Prevalence of criminal legal involvement among emergency department patients: Insights from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health 2021-2023
Introduction Criminal legal involvement (CLI) is a known predictor of short- and long-term adverse health outcomes, and those with CLI often use emergency departments (EDs) to acce...