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Ultrathin Covalent Organic Framework Membranes with Tailorable Porous Channels for High-Permeance Helium Separation

Robust load frequency control with honeypot-based compensation and AETM under FDI attacks

Heterocyclic-N-Coordinated Ag ₂ ^δ− Monolayer Self-Assembled on Ag(100)

Dietary cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) mitigates benzo[a]pyrene-induced oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and tissue damage in Nile tilapia

Abstract Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been reported to induce immunotoxicity and oxidative stress in fish. In the current study, the potential protective efficacy of dietary cauliflower powder (CAF; Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is investigated in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) subjected to water-borne BaP exposure. Fish (initial body weight 35.45 ± 5.33 g; n  = 280) were randomly assigned to seven groups ( n  = 40/group): control, acetone (12.25 µL/L), CAF0.5 (0.5%), CAF1 (1%), BaP (12.25 µg/L), CAF0.5 + BaP, and CAF1 + BaP, and maintained on their respective regimens for 30 days. Exposure to BaP induced 30% cumulative mortality, accompanied by distinct clinical-behavioral abnormalities, hepato-renal dysfunction, and depleted total protein fractions. Concurrently, stress biomarkers (glucose and cortisol) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were markedly elevated. BaP exposure also suppressed antioxidant-immune responses, caused severe hematological alterations, disrupted splenic gene expression, and provoked pronounced histopathological lesions across multiple tissues (liver, brain, gills, and muscle). This damage correlated with high BaP bioaccumulation in muscle tissue and compromised resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Remarkably, dietary CAF intervention, particularly at the 1% inclusion level, significantly counteracted these toxic effects ( P  < 0.05). CAF supplementation reduced mortality, restored biochemical and immune profiles, lowered muscle BaP residues, and partially preserved normal tissue architecture. Furthermore, CAF-fed fish exhibited significantly enhanced post-challenge survival rates against A. hydrophila . Overall, these findings demonstrate that dietary CAF supplementation serves as an effective nutritional strategy to mitigate BaP-induced toxicity and support fish health in contaminated aquaculture environments.

Mitigating Succinonitrile–Li Molecular Crosstalk in In Situ Polymerization toward High-Voltage and Low-Temperature Solid-State Li Metal Batteries

Robust adaptive fault-tolerant learning control for human height-weight prediction based on DNN

Data-Driven, Mechanistically Guided Prediction of Yield and Chemoselectivity in SuFEx Reactions

A novel bioactive contact lens for corneal epithelial regeneration in a rabbit model

Drug therapy problems among pediatric patients with infectious diseases admitted to Debre Birhan Hakim Gizaw teaching hospital in Ethiopia

A Molecular Chemistry Model Links Precursor Chemistry to the Energetic Landscape of Shape-Controlled Colloidal Nanocrystals

TriPath3DNet: an efficient real-time model for multi-class classification in real-life surveillance videos of fixed duration

Mo-Catalyzed Direct Nitrogen-to-Amine Conversion in Flow via Active N–H Species

Parallelizable search-space decomposition for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems using quadratic unconstrained binary optimization

Abstract Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial in industry. However, many COPs are NP-hard, causing the search space to grow exponentially with problem size and rendering large-scale instances computationally intractable. Conventional solvers typically treat problems as monolithic entities, leading to significant efficiency degradation as structural complexity increases. To address this issue, we propose a novel search-space decomposition method that leverages the inherent structure of variables to systematically reduce the size of the master problem. We formulate interaction costs between variables and individual variable costs as a constrained maximum cut problem and convert it into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization formulation using penalty terms. An Ising-model solver is used to rapidly decompose the problem into independent small-scale subproblems, which are subsequently solved in parallel using mathematical optimization solvers. We validated this method on the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Results demonstrate three significant benefits: a substantial enhancement in feasible solution rates, accelerated convergence, achieving in 1 min the accuracy that the naive method required 30 min to reach, and a variable reduction of up to 95.32%. These findings suggest that search-space decomposition is a promising strategy for efficiently solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems.

Three-State Electrochiroptical Switches Derived from Chiral Stable Carbenes

Maintenance of approach velocity despite increasing internal load during repeated pole vault attempts

Abstract Biomechanical analyses identify approach velocity—particularly in the final meters—as the primary mechanical determinant of vertical displacement in pole vault; yet how this velocity changes across repeated attempts performed below personal best height remains a practically important but largely untested question. As part of an applied field-based preparatory-phase protocol, we monitored the metabolic, cardiovascular, and perceptual responses of pole vaulters during four vault attempts performed 20 cm below their personal bests, and examined whether approach velocity was maintained in the final 5 m under these conditions. Eleven competitive pole vaulters (4 women, 7 men; age 20.3 ± 2.6 years) performed four consecutive vault attempts at heights 20 cm below their personal bests, with 3.5–4 min recovery intervals. Blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg CR-10) were measured at predetermined time points throughout the protocol. Approach velocity and step kinematics (step length [SL], step frequency [SF], and contact time [CT]) over the final 5 m were derived from two-dimensional video analysis. Phase-related changes, load-velocity and step kinematic-velocity associations, subgroup interaction effects, and individual load change correlations were assessed using linear mixed-effects models (LMM) and Pearson correlation analyses. BL and HR showed no significant change between successive attempts (A 1 –A 4 ; all p Tukey > 0.05), whereas RPE increased significantly between A 3 and A 4 . At A 4(11) , neither BL nor RPE differed significantly from resting values (BL: p Tukey = 0.375; RPE: : p Tukey = 0.894); HR reached warm-up levels but remained significantly above rest ( p Tukey = 0.001). Approach velocity and all step parameters did not show a significant change throughout the four attempts (all p > .05). Neither exploratory model identified a significant relationship between velocity and physiological load indicators or step kinematics (all p > .05). Individual trajectory analysis revealed heterogeneity in velocity and kinematic strategies beneath the group-level mean. Subgroup interaction analyses revealed significant Attempt × Group effects for approach velocity in both the V 1 ( F(3 , 27)  = 11.80, p < .001) and V 3 ( F(3 , 24)  = 9.28, p < .001) models, with Velocity-Declining athletes demonstrating significantly greater velocity decrements at A 3 and A 4 . Pole vaulters showed no detectable change in approach velocity across four consecutive attempts despite rising effort perception and progressive metabolic stress. The heterogeneity in individual kinematic strategies underscores the need for cautious interpretation of group-level findings.

Synergy and Competition of Dual Chirality in the Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity of Supramolecular Helices

Prevalence and factors influencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders among sonographers in Gamo and Wolaita zones, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Chemical grafting of waste polystyrene with acrylic acid and subsequent amine functionalization to enhance polystyrene modified bitumen characteristics

Abstract The rigid polystyrene (PS) waste could be an alternative bitumen modifier, which brings great economic and environmental efficiency. However, because of low polarity and high rigidity nature of PS, it sometimes poses some difficulties in compatibility, elasticity, and storage stability. To address these limitations, the present study proposed an alternative chemical modification method for waste polystyrene through grafting with acrylic acid followed by a reaction with diethylenetriamine to produce PS-g-AM. Functionalized groups of the polymer were confirmed by performing FT-IR and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy which approved that PS-g-AM was successfully synthesized and identified. The synthesized PS − g−AM was mixed with bitumen with percentages of 3, 5, 7 and 10wt% from total binder weight. A multi-scale correlation between microscopic mechanisms and macroscopic performance is integrated. The microscopic characterization including FTIR and AFM techniques were performed and successfully verified the good compatibility via hydrogen bonding interaction between PS-g-AM and bitumen. Also, the macroscopic characterization including storage stability, and elastic recovery test demonstrated that the prepared PS-g-AM modified binders (7wt%) showed significantly a high storage stability (≤ 0.3), and better elastic recovery (55%) compared to untreated PS modifier (2.5), and (25%) respectively. The dynamic mechanical properties are also studied and the results revealed a considerable improvement in rutting resistance (G/sin δ) PG degree increased from 70 to 76, tan δ reduction. In summary, results confirmed that chemical grafting turned PS from a hardening agent to an efficient elastic modifier into asphalt and provided great opportunity for a high-performance sustainable method of modifying the asphalt.

Kinetics vs Thermodynamics: Engineering Photoredox Reactivity from an Upper Excited State of Fe ^II

A 1D-CNN with advanced data augmentation for robust speech emotion recognition