Browse Articles

Measuring children’s spatial accessibility to urban park green spaces

Ventrolateral prefrontal-amygdala repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulation of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: a proof-of-concept study

Abstract Impulsivity and emotional dysregulation are core symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) for which therapeutic options are very limited. Prior neuroimaging studies suggest that BPD symptoms may be related to fronto-amygdala circuit dysfunction. This proof-of-concept study examined whether individualized ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC)-amygdala circuit modulation with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) could alter impulsivity and emotional dysregulation in BPD. Eleven participants with BPD underwent resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rsfMRI) scans to identify individualized right and left VLPFC targets with the strongest functional connectivity to the ipsilateral amygdala. They then performed delayed discounting and emotional reactivity to social exclusion tasks to assess impulsivity and emotional reactivity, respectively, followed by a single session of intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) administered to left and/or right VLPFC targets. Tasks were repeated after stimulation to assess change in impulsivity and reactivity. Mixed-model linear regression analysis showed that right VLPFC, but not the left or bilateral VLPFC stimulation, was associated with a significant reduction of impulsivity (χ2(2) = 7.76, p  = 0.02) but not emotional reactivity. No subjects experienced significant adverse events. These results suggest that the right VLPFC iTBS is a safe, tolerable, and promising procedure for modulating impulsivity in BPD.

<i>Pm</i> 3̅ <i>n</i> (La, Ce) ₄ H ₂₃ Phase: A Low-Pressure Hydride Superconductor near Liquid-Nitrogen Temperature

Cognitive mechanisms underlying the recall of positive relationships in social networks

Abstract Humans are embedded in complex social networks. To utilize them, they regularly need to recall with whom they are connected. This recall is cognitively demanding and utilizes a variety of heuristic cognitive mechanisms. We empirically investigate traces of these mechanisms in the context of free and repeated recall of positive social relationships (friendships, positive interactions) within an emerging undergraduate student community ( $$N = 820$$ participants). Applying multinomial modeling, we study the specific sequences in which individuals recalled their peers when prompted in a repeated online survey. We demonstrate that recall sequences are governed by multidimensional aspects: demographic similarity, shared social contexts, relationship quality, and social visibility. These aspects are relevant for the relation between the nominator and nominee but also for the associations between consecutively recalled individuals. Post-hoc analyses suggests that these patterns are stable across individuals and network types, but vary within sequences and as the community matures.

Hexaazatriphenylene–Quinone Covalent Organic Polymers as a Platform for Stable and High-Performance Supercapacitors

Cloud model improved TOPSIS for comprehensive evaluation of system evolvability

Reassessing Carotenoid Photophysics: Shedding Light on Dark States

Experimental and numerical study of a finlet-like biomimetic structure-integrated propeller

Analysis of accuracy-influencing factors and data acquisition boundaries in crowdsourced road geomagnetic data mapping

Origins of Enhanced Ion Transport in Nanostructured Anion-Conducting Polyelectrolytes

Effect size of COVID-19 mobility restrictions intensity on air pollution: a natural experiment

Spatiotemporal Decoupling of Carbon and Energy Flux Enables Efficient Biomanufacturing of Aviation Fuel Precursors from CO ₂

Socio-demographic and clinical determinants of dyslipidaemia in hypertensive patients at the Effia Nkwanta Hospital; a cross-sectional study

Interlayer Decoupling Growth for Atomically Thin Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectrics with Giant Rashba Splitting Energy

A study on the efficiency of supercritical CO2 fracturing in hot dry rocks using coupled finite-discrete element method

How Does Water Dissociation Work in Bipolar Membranes?

A-to-I RNA editing remodels 5′-UTR initiation codons to tune translational output

Abstract A-to-I RNA editing is a prevalent post-transcriptional modification in higher eukaryotes that converts adenosine to inosine within RNA molecules. Because inosine is interpreted as guanosine during translation, editing can alter codon identity and potentially influence translation initiation signals. Here, we examined whether A-to-I editing within the 5′ untranslated region (5′-UTR) can remodel upstream initiation codons and thereby tune downstream translation. Using luciferase-based reporter systems, we show that AUA-to-AUI editing generates an initiation-competent inosine-containing codon, whereas AUG-to-IUG editing markedly attenuates initiation and can relieve uORF-mediated repression. Quantitative in vitro and cellular assays establish the initiation hierarchy AUA &lt; AUI &lt; AUG, with IUG exhibiting strongly reduced initiation efficiency. Importantly, AUI-mediated upstream initiation did not behave like a canonical AUG-initiated uORF in the tested contexts; its effect on downstream ORF translation was modest and context-dependent. Transcriptome-wide bioinformatic analysis identified endogenous human transcripts whose 5′-UTRs harbor editing sites compatible with initiation-codon gain or attenuation. Reporter validation using native 5′-UTR sequences supports the possibility that editing-dependent initiation-codon remodeling can tune translational output in living cells, particularly through AUG-to-IUG-mediated derepression. Together, these findings establish a reporter-based framework in which A-to-I editing can remodel 5′-UTR initiation codons, while highlighting the need for endogenous protein-level and native-locus validation to determine physiological relevance.

Double Rotational Rainbows in Collisions of Homonuclear Diatoms Stemming from Steric Charge Transfer

Formation of nanostructured electrospark-alloyed coatings on the working surfaces of impulse face seals

Catalytic Asymmetric Hydration of Alkenes