Browse Articles

Catalytic epoxidation of linoleic acid derived corn oil via in situ performic acid mechanism

Molecular Engineering of Plant Polyphenols Into Amorphous Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials

Abstract Room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have potential applications in optoelectronics and bioimaging but encounter significant challenges. Traditional heavy‐metal‐based and crystalline systems are often toxic and environmentally sensitive, while strategies involving host–guest doping and encapsulation frequently suffer from phase separation and limited controllability—ultimately resulting in poor repeatability and restricted applications. Here, we developed a novel polyphenol‐mediated molecular splicing and ring‐locking strategy to incorporate benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BZT) into polyphenol molecules, yielding a range of eco‐friendly and processable amorphous single‐component systems with a lifetime of up to 124 ms. Experimental and calculational analyses confirm that phosphorescence arises from synergistic interactions between polyphenol and BZT. Furthermore, phosphorescent nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via nanoprecipitation in tetrahydrofuran with 30% water content. These well‐dispersed, metal‐free NPs demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, facilitating time‐resolved luminescence imaging with minimal background fluorescence interference both in vitro and in vivo. This research establishes a versatile and sustainable design strategy for developing high‐performance amorphous RTP materials using plant polyphenols, offering promising prospects for advanced biomedical applications.

Scheduling allocation in 5G slicing networks utilizing weighted exponential and logarithmic functions to improve QoS

Abstract Offering media-rich services, such as streaming videos, for emergency services requires compliance with reliability standards. The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) networks enables a wide range of services and applications with diverse Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Supporting heterogeneous performance and migrating vital services to 5G networks pose significant challenges for emergency service providers in maintaining QoS. To address this, schedulers allocate resources to various traffic types in a QoS- and channel state-aware manner. The exponential function scheduling method (EXP RULE) is a well-established approach; however, it requires optimization to reduce packet loss rate and latency. This study proposes the Hybrid Weighted Exponential and Logarithmic Rule (HWEL RULE), which enhances EXP RULE by integrating weighted logarithmic functions to improve QoS metrics in 5G slicing networks. Operating within a Fog Radio Access Network (F-RAN) framework with Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), HWEL RULE dynamically allocates Baseband Unit (BBU) resources to Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC). Using LTE-Sim simulations, HWEL RULE demonstrates up to a 30.06% reduction in packet loss rate, 21% lower latency for video traffic, 23.5% lower latency for VoIP, 8.6% higher throughput, and 1.2% improved fairness compared to EXP RULE. This incremental enhancement ensures compatibility with existing 5G architectures while significantly improving real-time traffic performance.

A Robust Nickel‐Interlocked π‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Framework Catalyst for Photocatalytic Aromatic Finkelstein and Retro‐Finkelstein Reactions

Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a versatile class of hosts for heterogeneous photocatalysis. Herein, we present a nickel‐decorated pyrene‐ and bipyridine‐based olefin‐linked COF ( Ni@COF1 ) as a robust and recyclable catalyst for visible‐light‐driven aromatic Finkelstein and retro‐Finkelstein reactions. The extended π‐conjugation within the COF framework enhances light absorption, promotes charge transport, and facilitates in situ Ni(0) generation from the pre‐installed Ni(II) centers. Compared to its reduced counterpart ( Ni@COF1R ), Ni@COF1 exhibits remarkable catalytic performance. The methodology enables selective halide exchange, broad functional group compatibility, and late‐stage diversification of eight bioactive molecules and nine pharmaceutical motifs. Furthermore, a gram‐scale reaction with batch and continuous flow conditions underscores its scalability and synthetic utility. The catalyst is robust and recycled five times without any loss of catalytic activity, reaching a total turnover number >850. These results highlight the significance of olefin‐linked COFs in advancing sustainable photocatalysis and expanding their role in fine chemical synthesis.

Sub‐1 nm CuO‐Phosphomolybdic Acid Nanosheets for Ultrasound‐Controlled Pyroptosis Activation and Tumor Immunotherapy

Abstract Inducing pyroptosis effectively transforms immunosuppressive “cold tumors” into immunogenic “hot tumors” to enhance tumor immunotherapy. However, uncontrolled pyroptosis activation risks systemic inflammation and tumor metastasis. In this study, we used a solvothermal method to synthesize a sub‐1 nm copper oxide‐phosphomolybdic acid nanosheet (CuO‐PMA) for ultrasound (US)‐controlled reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to induce pyroptosis. Owing to the narrow bandgap of CuO‐PMA, the electron holes are rapidly separated under US irradiation, then quickly migrate through the sub‐nanosheet structure to the surface to catalyze the formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and superoxide anions (•O₂⁻), while simultaneously consuming glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, leveraging electron delocalization properties, US triggered the directional migration of electrons in CuO‐PMA, facilitating the Cu(II)‐to‐Cu(I) transition to enhance hydroxyl radical (•OH) production. The ROS burst together with ions and h + ‐mediated GSH exhaustion synergistically provokes mitochondrial oxidative stress, activating the caspase‐1/GSDMD axis to induce pyroptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that CuO‐PMA significantly inhibited tumor growth and showed excellent antitumor immunotherapeutic effects. This sub‐nanosheet amplifies ROS generation in response to the electronic delocalization characteristics of the US, which provides a new strategy for the ultrasound‐controlled pyroptosis activation (sonopyroptosis) and tumor immunotherapy.

The impact of the ratio of renal parenchyma to renal volume on stone-free rates after RIRS: a retrospective study

Spinel‐Layered Heterostructure Enables Reversible Oxygen Redox in Lithium Manganese Oxide

Abstract Lithium‐rich manganese‐based layered oxides (LRMOs) have emerged as promising cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), primarily due to their exceptional capacity originating from oxygen redox chemistry. Although Li 2 MnO 3 (LMO) has been conventionally identified as the oxygen redox‐active component in LRMOs, this layered material shows neither bulk redox activity nor reversible anion redox behavior in the absence of other transition metals (e.g., Ni and Co). Herein, we report a structural‐engineered lithium manganese oxide with spinel‐layered heterostructures (designated as LMO‐SH), which exhibits reversible oxygen redox activities between lattice oxygen (O 2− ) and molecular oxygen (O 2 ) – the first documented instance of such redox behavior in a manganese‐based material. Through combining experimental characterization and theoretical modeling, we establish that the interfacial architecture between the spinel and layered phases facilitates the Li + diffusion kinetics while simultaneously activating bulk oxygen redox processes. This mechanistic understanding not only advances fundamental knowledge of redox chemistry in LMO‐based materials but also establishes new design principles for developing high‐capacity cathodes through strategic phase engineering.

Repeated laparoscopic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy techniques and pitfalls to watch out with video

Molecular Rotors as Reactivity Probes: Predicting Electrophilicity from the Speed of Rotation

Abstract A new empirical electrophilicity reactivity parameter, E RB , was developed based on the rotational barriers of a series of N ‐phenylimide molecular rotors containing various electrophilic groups. In the bond rotation transition state, these electrophilic groups form close contact with an electronegative C═O oxygen. Thus, strong electrophilic groups significantly lowered the rotational barrier. As a result, the rotational barriers were inversely correlated with the strengths of the electrophiles. The rotational barriers were measured by dynamic NMR (EXSY), enabling the quantification across a wide range of types of electrophiles. Computational analysis confirmed that the observed variations arose from intramolecular interactions in the transition state, where the C═O oxygen served as a probe of both the electrophilic group's electrostatic potential and steric accessibility. By simultaneously capturing attractive and repulsive transition state interactions, E RB provides an effective means of predicting electrophilicity and reactivity trends across a broad range of electrophiles and reaction types. The utility of E RB was initially validated using a series of rotors containing Michael addition electrophiles, followed by broader application to a diverse array of reactions involving sp 3 and sp 2 electrophiles, including S N 2, S N Ar, Pd‐oxidative addition, and Sonogashira reactions.

A Multistate Adaptive System of Topologically Distinct Chiral Assemblies

Abstract Biological systems exemplify the extraordinary adaptability of living organisms to their surroundings, demonstrating the capacity to reconfigure their structure, properties, and function in response to specific environmental signals. In this context, the exploration of multistate chemical systems designed to mimic natural counterparts, with the capacity to precisely tailor the structural outcome of an assembly and perform a specific function in response to external triggers, remains largely unexplored. Herein, we present a multistate adaptive system of topologically distinct chiral assemblies obtained from a single amino acid‐derived naphthalene diimide component and demonstrate its trigger‐responsive properties. Our system yields five distinct supramolecular assemblies across both solution and solid states, achieved by modulation of external factors such as temperature, solvent, concentration, and guest molecules. The work demonstrates the remarkable adaptability of the non‐covalent assemblies, revealing their profound sensitivity to external triggers, emphasizing the role of enthalpy and entropy in navigating across complex assembly pathways to and between individual outcomes.

Construction of a prognostic risk model for acute myeloid leukemia based on exosomal genes and analysis of immune microenvironment characteristics

Fatty acid-binding proteins as potential biomarkers for human cancer prognosis

Subtalar joint kinematics defined by a rotational axis translating along the posterior talocalcaneal facet

Abstract The subtalar joint is essential for the normal function of the human foot during bipedal walking, with its kinematics being pivotal for understanding foot biomechanics, disorders, and evolution. Traditionally, the helical axis representation has been used to assess subtalar joint movement, assuming translational motion along the rotational axis. However, recent observations challenge this assumption, revealing predominantly mediolateral translation during walking. To address this discrepancy, we propose a novel method that combines a rotational axis representation with a translational axis aligned parallel to the cylindrical axis of the subtalar joint’s posterior facet. Utilizing human cadaveric lower legs, we quantified subtalar joint motion through CT scan analysis. Comparative evaluations between the conventional helical axis representation and the newly proposed cylindrical axis-based representation revealed a closer correspondence between calcaneus movement and the cylindrical axis, emphasizing the pivotal role of posterior facet morphology in subtalar joint kinematics. This innovative approach provides a more intuitive and clinically useful depiction of subtalar joint biomechanics, potentially leading to deeper insights into fundamental biomechanics and function of the human foot, and improved clinical assessment and treatment strategies for subtalar joint-related pathologies.

Gang‐Wei Wang

Inspiratory muscle weakness further impairs exercise capacity and respiratory functions and increases dyspnea perception in patients with heart failure

Harnessing attention-driven hybrid deep learning with combined feature representation for precise sign language recognition to aid deaf and speech-impaired people

Highly Structure‐Selective On‐Surface Synthesis of Isokekulene Versus Kekulene

Abstract The role of different facets of metal nanoparticles in steering reaction pathways is crucial for the design of heterogeneous catalysts with superior selectivity. As a prominent class of reactions, transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbon‐hydrogen (C─H) bond activation is widely used for the synthesis of base chemicals, modern organic materials, and pharmaceuticals. Here, we report orthogonal selectivity in intramolecular cyclodehydrogenation of a nonplanar cyclic precursor steered by different facets of a copper single crystal. On the Cu(110) surface, the previously unknown cycloarene isokekulene forms with a high selectivity of 92%, whereas reaction on the Cu(111) surface exclusively yields kekulene (>99%). Combining scanning tunneling microscopy with CO‐functionalized tips and density functional theory, we identify two adsorption geometries of the precursor, which react to the respective products. Isokekulene adopts two nonplanar adsorption configurations and exhibits strong molecule‐substrate interactions, explaining its preferential formation on Cu(110). This combined in‐solution and on‐surface synthesis approach represents an alternative route for the highly selective synthesis of molecules that are challenging to synthesize and process via conventional methods.

Effect of dendritic structure on the filtration performance of fibrous media during dust loading by CFD-DEM

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of power transformer based on non-invasive measurement

Abstract In modern power systems, it is crucial to monitor and detect internal faults in power transformers promptly and accurately to ensure reliability and prevent disruptions. Failure to identify these faults promptly can reduce the transformer’s lifespan, cause system disconnection, and compromise network stability. This paper introduces an innovative method for the discrimination, classification, and localization of internal short-circuit faults in power transformers, with a focus on three types of winding faults: turn-to-turn fault, series short circuits, and shunt short circuits. The proposed method introduces an online detection scheme utilizing the ΔV-Iin locus diagram, which leverages existing measurement devices without requiring additional hardware. A comprehensive winding model was developed in MATLAB to simulate insulation failures, and the method also analyzes the effects of faults and harmonic distortions on transformer performance. Features for fault discrimination and localization are derived from the ΔV-Iin locus and calculated using the practical design specifications of three power transformer models with capacities of 3 MVA, 5 MVA, and 7 MVA, operating at 50 Hz in a three-phase configuration. Experimental results on the 3 MVA transformer demonstrate that the formulated identifier efficiently detected all three types of insulation breakdown with an accuracy of 98.51%. Additionally, the fault localization algorithm achieved a fault location accuracy of approximately 93.28%. The findings indicate that the proposed approach is a robust and reliable tool for assessing the condition of power transformers.

Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Response and Self‐Powered CPL Detection in Unique Triangular–Tetrahedral Chiral Copper(I) Halides

Abstract The low‐coordination polyhedral architecture of Cu(I)‐based chiral metal halides induces significant structural distortions, endowing these materials with remarkable circularly polarized light (CPL) activity and exceptional nonlinear optical (NLO) performance. However, achieving highly selective CPL detection with large dissymmetry factors ( g lum ) in Cu(I)‐based chiral metal halides remains a significant challenge. Herein, we prepared 1D chiral ( R / S )‐MPZCu 2 Cl 4 (where MPZ is 2‐methylpiperazine) halides with the unique triangular–tetrahedral configuration in the noncentrosymmetric cubic P 1 2 11 space group, resulting in substantial structural distortions, which significantly impact nonlinear susceptibility. Consequently, ( R )‐MPZCu 2 Cl 4 halide exhibits efficient second harmonic generation (SHG), which is 7.29 times as high as that of KH 2 PO 4 . Additionally, ( R )‐MPZCu 2 Cl 4 halide also exhibits remarkable third harmonic generation (THG) response, and g THG‐CD is as high as +0.309, which is the first demonstration of THG‐based CPL detection in Cu(I)‐based metal halides. The self‐powered CPL photodetectors based on ( R / S )‐MPZCu 2 Cl 4 show high CPL distinguishability at 0 V and further achieve self‐powered X‐ray detection with excellent low‐dose detection and radiation resistance. Our study provides valuable insights into the structure–performance relationship in chiral organic–inorganic hybrid Cu(I) halides, paving the way for next‐generation multifunctional optoelectronic devices.