Browse Articles

Increased volumes of the precuneus and the pallidum in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Kinetic mechanism of ENPP1 ATPase: Implications for aberrant calcification disorders and enzyme replacement therapy

Simultaneous Manipulation of Electric Double Layer and Zn (100) Deposition Enabled by Anions for Highly Stable Zn Anodes

Abstract Controlling the growth orientation of zinc (Zn) is an effective method of stabilizing Zn anodes. Although Zn (100) exhibits faster Zn electroplating/stripping kinetics than Zn (002), its high chemical reactivity results in susceptibility to water‐induced side reactions. Herein, a two‐pronged electrolyte engineering strategy is proposed to enhance the reversibility of Zn anodes, that is, modulating vertically oriented Zn (100) plating while simultaneously constructing a water‐poor electrical double layer (EDL). Mechanistic studies revealed that the difluoro(oxalato)borate (DFOB − ) anions of sodium‐difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB) function as a Zn 2+ trapping agent at the inner Helmholtz layer, displacing active water molecules and inducing the preferential deposition of Zn on the Zn (100) crystal facets, thus effectively inhibiting both side reactions and dendrite growth. Consequently, a symmetrical cell with the ZnSO 4 /NaDFOB electrolyte exhibited a long lifetime of over 950 h under severe conditions of 10 mA cm −2 and 5 mAh cm −2 . Furthermore, a practical Zn||NH 4 V 4 O 10 pouch cell could achieves a high capacity of 156 mAh at industrial‐level mass loading of 16.6 mg cm −2 . This work provides insights for achieving stable Zn anodes via electrolyte engineering‐triggered crystallographic orientation and EDL regulation.

Damage quantification of mining explosion-proof equipment using thermal flame dynamics and improved LSTM

Structural unification of diverse transmembrane acyltransferases reveals a conserved fold for the transmembrane acyl transferase (TmAT) superfamily

Sub pico-second pulses in mono-mode optical fibers with Triki-Biswas model

A novel protein encoded by circTUBGCP3 blocks ferroptosis and promotes gastric cancer progression

Balancing Tetrahedral and Cation Entropies for Long‐lifespan Low‐temperature Zn‐ion Batteries

Abstract Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage. However, their application is hindered by Zn anode instability and reduced ionic conductivity at low temperatures. Here, we identified two decisive factors for low‐temperature performance and anode stability of batteries: tetrahedral entropy and cation entropy. The former is closely related to antifreezing ability of electrolyte, while the latter is associated with the desolvation kinetics of Zn 2+ . We propose an effective strategy to balance the above two thermodynamic quantities by precisely tuning the molar fraction of the 1,3‐butanediol (BDO) cosolvent with notable glass‐forming ability. BDO enhances the tetrahedral entropy due to the disruption of the hydrogen‐bond networks among water molecules, decreasing the solid–liquid transition temperature from −16.4 to −101 °C. Additionally, BDO modifies the solvated structure of Zn 2 ⁺ to limit the active water content, thus suppressing by‐reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The optimized electrolyte enables long‐term cycling of Zn||Zn symmetric cells for over 4000 h at −40 °C under 0.1 mA cm −2 /0.1 mAh cm −2 , and renders PANI||Zn full cells capable of working across a broad temperature range (−40 °C to 60 °C). This work offers a guideline to design stable and low‐temperature AZIBs, expanding the application scope for aqueous electrolytes.

Correction: Measuring farm sustainability index: priorities for sustaining livelihoods of farm households in Haryana, India

NUAK kinases: Signaling mechanisms and therapeutic applications

Grassland ecological compensation accounting based on the flow of emergy ecological products: a case from the Qinghai Tibet region, China

Daily briefing: Spouses tend to share the same psychiatric disorders

The glycosyltransferase ALG3 is an AKT substrate that regulates protein N-glycosylation

Research on real-time detection of fabric defects based on an improved Elo rating algorithm

Inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase promotes survival of uveal melanoma by regulating oncogenic G protein–driven calcium oscillations

Amorphous Nitride‐chloride Solid‐State Electrolytes for High Performance All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries

Abstract High‐performance solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) are crucial for advancing all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs). Amorphous SSEs, in particular, offer promising advantages due to their grain‐boundary‐free nature, which facilitates intimate solid‐to‐solid contact and uniform lithium‐ion flux, thereby improving composite electrode performance. Here, we report a class of SSEs based on a nitrogen–chlorine dual‐anion framework, formulated as Li 3 x +0.1 ZrN x Cl 4.1 , for high‐voltage ASSBs. Unlike widely studied crystalline Li 2 ZrCl 6 with a triclinic structure, increased N 3− substitution drives a structural transition to an amorphous phase (Li 1.3 ZrN 0.4 Cl 4.1 ), which achieves a significant enhancement in Li + conductivity from 0.46 to 3.01 mS cm −1 , alongside improved oxidative stability up to 4.8 V. This dual‐anion SSEs exhibits excellent compatibility with high‐energy LiNi 0.83 Co 0.06 Mn 0.11 O 2 (NCM83) cathodes. The corresponding full cells deliver a high reversible capacity of 200.1 mAh g −1 at 4.5 V with outstanding capacity retention of 95.1% after 150 cycles at 0.2 C, along with remarkable long‐term cycling stability exceeding 3000 cycles at 3 C. Furthermore, the electrochemical stability of Li 1.3 ZrN 0.4 Cl 4.1 in conjunction with NCM83 is still preserved under elevated temperatures (50  °C) and higher cut‐off voltages (up to 4.8 V). These results highlight the promise of dual‐anion amorphous electrolytes, paving the way for the design of next‐generation SSEs beyond traditional single‐anion systems.

Some novel optical pulses in hydrodynamical nonlinear complex equation using M-truncated fractional derivative

The grant lottery: award rates at UK national funding agency fall below 20%

Robust Imidazole‐Linked 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electrochemical Sodium‐Ion Storage

Abstract Exploring stable and functional linkages through facile one‐pot cyclocondensation reactions represents one of the frontiers in the development of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which can enhance structural robustness and diversity while broadening their application potential. In this study, we report a facile synthetic strategy using p ‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as a proton mediator to construct two imidazole‐linked COFs (TABQ‐COF and TAPT‐COF) via one‐pot cyclocondensation of aromatic aldehydes with ortho ‐diamines. These two COFs not only possess good crystallinity but also exhibit excellent physicochemical stability and contain abundant redox‐active sites, which endows them with charming advantages for electrochemical energy storage. Remarkably, when employed as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), TAPT‐COF delivered a reversible capacity of 517 mAh g −1 at 0.05 A g −1 while maintaining outstanding cycling stability with minimal capacity degradation (<0.035% per cycle) over 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g −1 . This superior performance stems from synergistic contributions of abundant redox‐active centers (C═O and C═N groups), which enable efficient Na + storage through multielectron redox mechanisms. This study highlights the strategic advantage of structurally stable COFs with precisely engineered redox‐active motifs via facile synthesis for advancing high‐performance electrochemical energy storage.

Catalytic Polymerization of n‐Doped Poly(benzodifurandione) (n‐PBDF) Using Parts Per Million (ppm) Levels of Molybdenum Trioxide

Abstract The recent discovery of highly conductive, solution‐processable, n‐doped poly(benzodifurandione) (n‐PBDF) has significantly pushed the boundaries of organic electronics. However, to maximize its practical impact, an efficient, scalable and cost‐effective synthetic method is essential. Initially, n‐PBDF was synthesized via duroquinone‐mediated or copper‐catalyzed polymerizations, but these methods required prolonged dialysis, limiting their scalability. Our recent SeO 2 ‐catalyzed polymerization improved efficiency but still necessitated centrifugation and filtration to remove solid selenium byproducts. In this work, we introduce a highly efficient molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 )‐catalyzed polymerization of n‐PBDF. Remarkably, MoO 3 at parts‐per‐million (ppm) concentrations achieves near‐quantitative monomer conversion (>99% by NMR), eliminating the need for purification. Kinetic studies demonstrate that this polymerization follows a chain‐growth mechanism, enabling the synthesis of high‐quality n‐PBDF polymers with controlled particle sizes and block copolymers. Mechanistic investigations reveal that MoO 3 mediates an oxidative pathway involving dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), with dimethyl sulfide (DMS) identified as the reduction product. This innovation not only provides a scalable, low‐cost route to high‐quality n‐PBDF but also unlocks new synthetic opportunities, significantly expanding the synthetic toolbox for functional polymers.