Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
CRFTS: a cluster-centric and reservation-based fault-tolerant scheduling strategy to enhance QoS in cloud computing
Widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and related potential to reduce cancer between 2008 and 2019 in Germany
Abstract Background Cancer is one of the main causes of a high burden of disease and one of the strongest contributors to earlier mortality among lower socioeconomic groups in Germany. Therefore, studying socio-economic inequalities in cancer incidence is of high relevance from a public-health and health-equity lens. The aim of this study was to examine in more depth time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence and the related potential for reducing the incidence of specific cancers across Germany. Methods We used epidemiologic data from the Centre for Cancer Registry Data at the Robert Koch Institute and official population statistics for Germany from 2008 to 2019. To analyse trends in socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence, we used an ecological study design and linked the cancer registry and population data with the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation at district level. We calculated standardised cancer incidence rates for the most common cancers by area-level socioeconomic deprivation and estimated the Slope and Relative Index of Inequality (SII, RII) to determine the extent of area-level socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of cancer. In a what-if analysis, counterfactual scenarios were used to calculate how much lower cancer incidence could be if socioeconomic inequalities in incidence were reduced or eliminated. Results Due to less favourable trends of cancer incidence in more deprived areas, socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence has widened to the detriment of residents in highly deprived areas. This was observed for all cancers combined and for several common cancers such as stomach, colorectal and lung cancer among both women and men. In 2017–19, total cancer incidence was 18% (women: RII 1,18) and 49% (men: RII 1,49) higher in the most than in the least deprived area. Reverse inequalities were observed for skin melanoma in both sexes and female breast cancer, the lowest incidence being among residents of highly deprived districts. For 2017–19, the what-if analysis showed that the annual number of newly diagnosed cancers cases would be 9,100–76,000 cases fewer if the socioeconomic gap in cancer incidence between districts could be narrowed or eliminated. Conclusions In Germany, socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence have widened in recent decades. Tackling cancer risks in deprived areas could reduce those inequalities and the burden of cancer overall. Our study emphasises the growing importance of structural approaches in cancer prevention for reducing health inequalities in Germany.
Overdiagnosis, competing morbidity and tumour biology in older women with breast cancer: building a case for active monitoring
Universal Chemical Presodiation Under Air Condition for Highly Stable Na‐deficient Oxide Cathodes
Abstract Layered transition‐metal oxides have attracted growing attention for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs); however, their application is hindered by low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to Na‐deficiency and solid‐electrolyte interphase formation. Herein, a universal chemical presodiation pathway is reported with Na‐bipyridine dissolved in diethyl ether (Na‐Bpy/DEE) for stable Na‐deficient P2‐Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2 (NNMO) electrode under air condition. The strongly electron‐withdrawing N‐functional groups of Bpy •− radicals endow its air insensitivity, and it reduces the NNMO cathode for compensation of Na + from the weakly solvating DEE. This results in a uniform and robust NaF‐rich interface to prevent surface lattice disorder of NNMO, which is caused by local stress, and preserve structure integrity. The presodiated NNMO electrode shows high ICE of 100% and reversible capacity of 158.3 mAh g −1 , and its pouch cell coupled with hard carbon presents high‐capacity retention of 95.9% after 200 cycles. This work proposes an industrially feasible presodiation strategy to highly efficient SIBs.
Computational investigation of mechanical properties and adsorption behavior of sulfur-doped h-BN nanosheets
Dual-response fluorescent switching sensor for sequential detection of Fe3+ and vitamin C in hawthorn
Designing New Natural‐Mimetic Phosphatidic Acid: A Versatile and Innovative Synthetic Strategy for Glycerophospholipid Research
Abstract Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) play important roles in cellular compartmentalization and signaling. Among them, phosphatidic acids (PA) exist as many distinct species depending on acyl chain composition, each one potentially displaying unique signaling function. Although the signaling functions of PA have already been demonstrated in multiple cellular processes, the specific roles of individual PA species remain obscure due to a lack of appropriate tools. Indeed, current synthetic PA analogues fail to preserve all the functions of natural PA. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a novel synthetic approach to produce PA analogues without compromising structural integrity of acyl chains. Moreover, addition of a clickable moiety allowed flexible grafting of different molecules to PA analogues for various biological applications. Hence, this innovation also provides powerful tools to investigate specific biological activities of individual PA species, with potential applications in unraveling complex GPL‐mediated signaling pathways.
Association between magnesium depletion score and overactive bladder among U.S. Adults using data from NHANES 2005–2018
Iron‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions with Carbon Monoxide
Abstract The utilization of carbon monoxide (CO) as an inexpensive and indispensable C 1 feedstock for the efficient construction of diverse carbonylated compounds has been a subject of numerous studies for decades. Nowadays, transition metal‐catalyzed carbonylation represents a pivotal synthetic approach for the generation of carbonyl‐containing molecules. Among the known catalysts for these transformations, non ‐noble metal‐based systems have garnered increasing interest in recent years due to their substantial advantages, including wide availability, low cost, and low toxicity. In this review, we have summarized and discussed original and recent developments in iron‐catalyzed carbonylative transformations, wherein CO is utilized as the C 1 feedstock.
Transfer Learning‐Assisted SERS: Predicting Molecular Identity and Concentration in Mixtures Using Pure Compound Spectra
Abstract Identifying and quantifying compounds in unknown mixtures represents the ultimate goal of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy but remains a significant challenge in real‐world applications. Existing machine learning‐driven SERS methods are limited by their reliance on prior knowledge of mixture composition, while time‐consuming experimental testing of all possibilities is not feasible. We integrate the molecular specificity of SERS with an adaptive transfer learning (TL) strategy to sequentially identify and quantify carnitine components in 11 unknown binary, ternary, and quaternary multicarnitine mixtures, achieving 100% identification accuracy and a mean quantitation error of only 3%. All models are trained solely on pure compound spectral data, enabling scalable, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of complex, unseen multiplex spectra—without requiring costly and time‐consuming training data collection for every possible mixture. This predictive transfer learning‐driven approach marks a transformative leap for practical SERS applications, allowing accurate analysis of complex mixtures without prior knowledge of components or ratios.
Predicting entrepreneurship from brain structure and neural responses to risk and ambiguity
Lab-scale investigation of drag reduction for crude oil by oil-soluble polymers
Investigating the effect of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma on the aflatoxin removal and the physicochemical properties of sesame seeds
Abstract Cold plasma is a non-thermal technology that has been proposed as an efficient method for the mycotoxins destruction in the food industry. The first stage of this study was conducted to determine the effect of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment gas (air, argon, wet argon) on the aflatoxin B1 reduction and sesame seed peroxide value (PV). The results showed that air gas was more effective in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 from 65 to 47 ppb (27.7% decrease), while the peroxide content increased from 0.61 ± 0.09 to 1.61 ± 0.011. The effects of power (45 and 56 W) and exposure time (1, 4, and 8 min) of plasma with argon gas on aflatoxin B1 content and physicochemical characteristics of sesame seeds were studied in the second stage. The greatest reduction in aflatoxin B1 content was achieved at DBD treatment of 8 min and 56 W from 63.4 to 19.9 ppb (68.59% decrease). This sample was further investigated for physicochemical analysis in which PV, acid value, colour parameters (a* and b*), and texture parameters (hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, gumminess) in the treated sample has been increased, whereas the pH, colour parameter (L*), texture parameter (springiness index), phytosterol, sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin levels has been decreased compared with the control samples. Also, there was no significant difference in protein content. The results indicate the effectiveness of DBD plasma treatment on AFB1 reduction, along with physicochemical changes that need to be optimized.
YOLOv8-MCDE for lightweight detection of small instruments in complex backgrounds from inspection robots’ perspective
Automated rating of Fazekas scale in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack using machine learning
Computational study of KGeCl3 perovskite solar cells toward high efficiency via electron transport innovation
From gene hunter to drug hunter
Photocontrolled Release of Urea Enables the Detection of Urea–Urease Intermediates by Cryo‐FTIR
Abstract Caged compounds are a valuable tool to photocontrol the release of enzymatic substrates in a reaction. For example, caged urea molecules were proposed to control urea delivery to urease reactions and aid the determination of the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. Owing to the success of several caged compounds based on ruthenium complexes, we synthesized a new inorganic caged urea (RuBpy‐urea) and monitored the release of free urea by infrared spectroscopy upon irradiation. Transient infrared absorption (TRIR) indicates diffusion‐controlled release of urea, and kinetics studies after photolysis demonstrate the functionality of the new caged molecule for photocontrolled delivery of urea to urease. Coupling photocontrolled delivery of urea to cryo‐FTIR (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) revealed that inhibition of urease results in different FTIR spectrum than the one observed for the noninhibited urease.