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A new first-line option for advanced-stage anal squamous cell carcinoma
X-ray near-field multi-slice ptychography for in-situ imaging
Abstract In-situ imaging of chemical reactions can provide valuable insight into nanoparticle growth and structural evolution. Hard X-ray imaging is an excellent tool for this purpose, as it combines high spatial resolution with high penetration depth, allowing for realistic reaction environments. While far-field ptychography is a well-established method at synchrotron radiation sources, its near-field analog has received less attention. In this work we show that near-field multi-slice ptychography is a competitive method for high-resolution in-situ imaging by studying the formation of gold nanocages via galvanic replacement. Our work extends near-field X-ray ptychography to sub-50 nm spatial resolution by using multilayer Laue lenses. These high numerical aperture optics enable to distinguish sample layers that are separated by less than 100 µm by multi-slicing techniques.
Role of novel immunotherapy combinations in the management of advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Exploring the preferences of college students for horticultural therapy activities based on a new classification framework
Ecological management of the microbiota in patients with cancer
Exceptional Second Harmonic Generation in Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Oxyfluoroniobate Crystals via Structural Fingerprint Optimization of Polar Chains
Abstract Partial fluorination of oxides has positioned oxyfluorides as a promising class of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials owing to their balanced optical properties. However, effectively arranging optical chromophores to achieve strong optical nonlinearity remains challenging. In this study, we explore the structural chemistry of 1 [NbOF 4 ] ∞ chain‐based oxyfluoroniobates and establish a molecular geometric framework to quantify key structural fingerprint factors , namely, the ∠(O─Nb─O′) bond angle, χ [F,Nb,Nb′,F′] torsion angle, chain alignment, and distortion of [NbO 2 F 4 ] nodes. Theoretical calculations confirm that these factors critically influence second harmonic generation (SHG) activity. By integrating π‐conjugated biuret (C 2 H 5 N 3 O 2 ) molecules with optimally aligned 1 [NbOF 4 ] ∞ chains, we synthesized (H 3 O)(Biu) 2 (NbOF 4 ) (Biu = biuret), a crystal exhibiting a record‐breaking SHG response, reaching 10.8 times that of KH 2 PO 4 , among transition metal (TM) oxyfluorides. Its moderate birefringence (Δ n = 0.062 @1064 nm) and wide band gap ( E g = 4.50 eV) further support its potential as a high‐performance ultraviolet (UV) NLO material. These results highlight the power of structural fingerprint optimization in fully activating polar chains and offer a new strategy for designing next‐generation UV NLO crystals with enhanced SHG performance.
Critical period of weed-crop competition in irrigated chickpea as a tool for judicious weed control
From ASCO 2025
Comparison of segmentation performance of cnns, vision transformers, and hybrid networks for paranasal sinuses with sinusitis on CT images
Abstract Accurate segmentation of the paranasal sinuses, including the frontal sinus (FS), ethmoid sinus (ES), sphenoid sinus (SS), and maxillary sinus (MS), plays an important role in supporting image-guided surgery (IGS) for sinusitis, facilitating safer intraoperative navigation by identifying anatomical variations and delineating surgical landmarks on CT imaging. To the best of our knowledge, no comparative studies of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision transformers (ViTs), and hybrid networks for segmenting each paranasal sinus in patients with sinusitis have been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the segmentation performance of CNNs, ViTs, and hybrid networks for individual paranasal sinuses with varying degrees of anatomical complexity and morphological and textural variations caused by sinusitis on CT images. The performance of CNNs, ViTs, and hybrid networks was compared using Jaccard Index (JI), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision (PR), recall (RC), and 95% Hausdorff Distance (HD95) for segmentation accuracy metrics and the number of parameters (Params) and inference time (IT) for computational efficiency. The Swin UNETR hybrid network outperformed the other networks, achieving the highest segmentation scores, with a JI of 0.719, a DSC of 0.830, a PR of 0.935, and a RC of 0.758, and the lowest HD95 value of 10.529 with the smallest number of the model architectural parameter, with 15.705 M Params. Also, CoTr, another hybrid network, demonstrated superior segmentation performance compared to CNNs and ViTs, and achieved the fastest inference time with 0.149 IT. Compared with CNNs and ViTs, hybrid networks significantly reduced false positives and enabled more precise boundary delineation, effectively capturing anatomical relationships among the sinuses and surrounding structures. This resulted in the lowest segmentation errors near critical surgical landmarks. In conclusion, hybrid networks may provide a more balanced trade-off between segmentation accuracy and computational efficiency, with potential applicability in clinical decision support systems for sinusitis.
Zanidatamab shows promise as first-line therapy for advanced-stage HER2+ GEA
Automated drug design for druggable target identification using integrated stacked autoencoder and hierarchically self-adaptive optimization
Study of far-field reduction in high power 940 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers cascaded by tunnel junctions
Abstract This paper characterizes the performance of 940 nm single-junction (1 J) and triple-junction (3 J) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, tested at room temperature under 1.8 ns pulsed current injection. By suppressing thermal effects, the slope efficiency (SE) of the 1 J VCSEL array reaches 1.05 W/A, while the 3 J VCSEL array achieves 3.2 W/A, with a peak output power exceeding 120 W, demonstrating a significant performance enhancement. Furthermore, we observe that in the 3 J VCSEL array, the far-field (FF) divergence angle gradually decreases with increasing injection current, reducing from approximately 17° to about 5°. The far-field beam profile exhibits a Gaussian distribution, and spectral measurements indicate that the fundamental mode is dominant. We further analyze the characteristics of the VCSEL through both simulations and measurements. Current path analysis reveals that in the 3 J structure, the presence of a highly doped tunnel junction (TJ) and multiple oxide layers alleviates current crowding compared to the 1 J structure, resulting in a different gain distribution. Calculations show that the overlap between the gain region and the fundamental mode is greater than that of higher-order modes, which may explain the dominance of the fundamental mode. The results from single-device testing align with the observations in the VCSEL array, consistently demonstrating fundamental mode dominance. This phenomenon contributes to a reduced divergence angle, presenting a significant advantage for future optoelectronic applications.
Eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Anemone coronaria bulb extract and their potent anticancer and antibacterial activities
Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery confers improved oncological outcomes
Assessing and predicting crash dynamics with and without road safety measures on the Dejen to Bahir Dar highway in Ethiopia
Preparation of plane trees’ bark biochar/ZnAl-LDH and its adsorption performance for phosphate and recovery
CT imaging findings of corona mortis and a new method for venous typing
Application of hybrid CNN-transformer for classifying major coal mine accident hazards
On‐Demand Photodegradable and Thermo‐Reversible, Soft, Transparent Dithioacetal Hydrogels
Abstract Stimuli–reversible, chemically cross‐linked polymers capable of altering their physicochemical and mechanical properties on demand, upon application of external stimuli (e.g., light, temperature), are highly desirable for the development of multifunctional materials. Herein, we report a facile chemical platform for the synthesis of photodegradable and thermo‐reversible, model hydrogels consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the elastic strands and dithioacetal moieties at the cross‐link points. The gels were synthesized via an acid‐catalyzed step‐growth reaction of a difunctional PEG‐thiol macromer with a wisely selected aromatic dialdehyde cross‐linker. The formation of the photosensitive dithioacetal bonds at the cross−links rendered the hydrogels photodegradable, whereas the production of the initial comonomers as the main photoproducts after irradiation endowed the material with thermoreversible properties. The linear viscoelastic behavior of water‐swollen gels, their photodegradation under UV ( λ = 254 nm) irradiation at very low intensity (0.063 mW cm −1 ), and the reversible reformation of the hydrogel upon heating were investigated by dynamic shear rheology. Mechanistic insights for the photodegradation mechanism of the system were gained by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and kinetic studies on a model dithioacetal compound.