Browse Articles

Protective role of Salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside foliar application against copper stress in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Low‐Coordination Indium Single‐Atom Sites Anchored on a Metal‐Organic Framework Single‐Layer Boosts Electroreduction of CO ₂ Into Formic Acid

Abstract The electroreduction of CO 2 under acidic conditions presents both scientific significance and technical challenges. Herein, we developed a post‐synthetic modification strategy to anchor unexpected tetrahedral In(III) ions onto Zr‐oxo clusters of a single‐layer zirconium metal‐organic framework (denoted as Zr‐MOF‐In ). Operating under harsh acidic conditions (pH = 1.67) at −1.8 V versus RHE, the Zr‐MOF‐In catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance with 95.7% Faradaic efficiency for formic acid production and a current density of 213.3 mA cm −2 . The system maintains operational stability over 20 h without notable activity decay. Remarkably, when integrated into a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer with solid‐state electrolyte at 4 V full‐cell voltage, Zr‐MOF‐In continuously generates pure formic acid solution (505.5 mmol L −1 , 100% purity) free of electrolyte contamination, achieving a concentration 1.5‐fold higher than the current state‐of‐the‐art. Mechanistic investigations identify dual enhancement mechanisms: i) the low‐coordinated In(III) single‐atom sites facilitate dual *HCOO intermediate binding, enhancing reaction kinetics beyond conventional single‐intermediate adsorption on high‐coordination metal centers; and ii) the single‐layer MOF configuration optimizes active site exposure, synergistically maximizing catalytic efficiency.

The administration of passive and active immunotherapy against Syntenin-1 decreased the tumoral growth and pulmonary metastasis in a murine model of triple-negative breast cancer

Inside Back Cover: Exceptional Second Harmonic Generation in Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Oxyfluoroniobate Crystals via Structural Fingerprint Optimization of Polar Chains (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 36/2025)

Correspondence of high dimensional emotion structures elicited from video clips between humans and multimodal LLMs

Calix[8]Arene‐Tethered Dendritic Octamer Acceptor with Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Enables 20.7% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Exceptional Stability

Abstract Increasing the molecular weight of the acceptor is an effective strategy to suppress excessive crystallization and molecular diffusion, thereby addressing morphological challenges in organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, designing high‐molecular‐weight acceptors with well‐defined structures is crucial for achieving efficient and stable OSCs towards commercialization. Herein, we report a calix[8]arene‐tethered dendritic octameric acceptor with a molecular weight of 14243 g mol −1 and a well‐defined structure. Owing to its dendritic structure, which facilitates both multidimensional charge transport and molecular interactions, C8‐IC can operate efficiently, achieving a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.7%, despite its lower crystallinity. Moreover, it effectively acts as a crystallization manipulator, regulating the interaction and crystallization within the D18:L8‐BO system. This optimizes charge management in the ternary system, achieving a state‐of‐the‐art efficiency of 20.7%. To our knowledge, this is among the highest efficiency values reported for OSCs based on dendritic acceptors. Moreover, the ultrahigh molecular weight of the dendritic acceptor effectively increases the glass transition temperature ( T g ), inhibits molecular diffusion, and stabilizes the morphology, leading to significantly improved device stability. This work presents high‐performance OSCs based on a dendritic acceptor with ultrahigh molecular weight and provides valuable insights into the design of acceptor materials for highly stable OSCs.

Prediction of the potential geographic distribution of the Wilsonomyces carpophilus under multiple climate change scenarios

Engineering the Microporous Environment of Flexible Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bifunctionality for Promoting the Separation of Ethylene from a Ternary Mixture

Abstract The separation of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) from mixtures with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) is of great industrial importance but remains a critical challenge. Here, we report that a rationally designed flexible metal–organic framework (FMOF), featuring a specifically engineered microporous environment with bifunctionality, can promote the efficient one‐step separation of C 2 H 4 from a ternary mixture. Adsorption isotherms and dynamic breakthrough tests provide experimental evidence confirming the selective adsorption of CO 2 and C 2 H 2 over C 2 H 4 on such a FMOF, as well as its ability to separate C 2 H 4 from a CO 2 /C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 ternary mixture. Theoretical calculations and simulations provide critical insights into the flexible adsorption process and the separation mechanism of the FMOF. The bifunctionality incorporated in FMOF provides exceptionally strong binding of CO 2 and C 2 H 2 but inhibition of C 2 H 4 , which, in turn, enables high adsorption selectivity for CO 2 /C 2 H 4 and C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 . This FMOF has high potential for industrial applications in the separation of C 2 H 4 from gas mixtures.

Valorization of novel bifunctional waterborne coatings with UV irradiation resistance and antimicrobial activity

Abstract This research aimed to create bifunctional acrylic waterborne coatings capable of absorbing UV radiation and resisting microbial growth. The compound 4-[2(3-acetylphenyl) diazenyl]-3,5-dimethylphenol (ADD) was incorporated into the waterborne acrylic resin at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5%. The coatings underwent characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical property testing, and the CIELab color method after 500 h of UV exposure to assess their UV shielding effectiveness. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of both ADD powder and the coatings were evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria (Helicobacter pylori), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans) using the disc diffusion method. Results indicated that the coatings with 0.25% and 0.5% ADD retained their integrity, showing no cracks or color and texture changes after UV exposure. In contrast, the 0.1% ADD coating exhibited significant alterations in the a* value, revealing its susceptibility to UV damage and limited UV absorption. Positive a* values confirmed the red tint of the films. Antimicrobial activity was notable, with inhibition zones measuring 14 to 26 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 11 to 21 mm against Helicobacter pylori, and 12 to 20 mm against Candida albicans. Overall, this study demonstrated that the developed coatings with ADD significantly enhance UV absorption and exhibit promising antimicrobial properties, effectively overcoming the limitations of existing commercial coatings and offering a viable solution for protecting surfaces from UV radiation and microbial contamination.

Immune-coagulation dynamics in severe COVID-19 revealed by autoantibody profiling and multi-omics integration

Abstract Severe COVID-19 is characterized by immune-coagulation dysregulation, yet the contribution of related autoantibodies remains poorly understood. We investigated relationships between plasma autoantibody reactivities, whole-blood transcriptomics, plasma proteomics, and clinical laboratory parameters in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 42 curated coagulation and complement cascade genes were upregulated in severe cases compared to healthy controls, with 15 genes, including CR1L, ELANE, ITGA2B, ITGB3, VWF, TFPI, PROS1, MMRN1, and SELP (> 1.2 log2 fold-change), also significantly different from mild cases. Autoantibody profiling against eight coagulation-related proteins (ADAMTS13, Factor V, Protein S, SERPINC1, Apo-H, PROC1, Prothrombin, and PF4) showed reactivities below positivity thresholds across all groups. Using an exploratory approach, in severe cases, subthreshold autoantibody candidates (FDR < 0.25) showed negative correlation trends with select gene expressions and inflammatory markers (Factor V with IL-6 and CXCL10), suggesting potential disease-specific immunomodulatory associations. In contrast, while mild cases exhibited stronger gene-protein correlations, they showed limited associations with antigen reactivities or clinical laboratory parameters. Additionally, no correlations were observed between autoantibodies and platelet-counts or Fibrin-D-dimer levels. Age-associated increases in antigen reactivities were noted in severe disease, implying a role for immunosenescence. These findings support further investigation into the role of subthreshold autoantibody candidates in thromboinflammatory COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Selective Chemo‐Divergent Hydrogenation of Ethylene Carbonate Enabled by Multi‐Functional Poly(Ionic Liquids)‐Stabilized Ru Nanoparticles

Abstract Cyclic carbonates, in particular ethylene carbonate (EC), are pivotal compounds across chemical sciences because of their unique properties. Although, their transformation into valuable products has attracted great attention, efficient and selective transformations remain challenging. In this work, we report a catalytic system composed of Ru nanoparticles (RuNPs) stabilized by poly(ionic liquids) (Ru@PIL), that enables the selective chemo‐divergent hydrogenation of EC into either EtOH and CO 2 or EG and CH 4 , under solvent‐free conditions. Those transformations relied on the multi‐task ability of poly(ionic liquids) (PILs), which provides efficient electro‐steric protection of the NPs, good solubility in neat carbonates, and organocatalytic activity depending on the nature of the PIL counter‐anions. Hence, PIL incorporating nucleophilic anions, such as I − , triggers the cascade transformation of EC into EtOH via a sequential decarboxylation‐hydrogenation process. Conversely, in the presence of non‐nucleophilic anions, the PIL is catalytically a spectator, yielding to the “direct hydrogenation” of EC by the RuNPs.

An instance segmentation network for discharging carbon traces inside oil-immersed transformers with boundary and detail features enhancement

Chiral Co‐Assembled Liquid Crystal Polymer Network Enabled by In‐Situ Photopolymerization for High‐Performance CP‐OLEDs

Abstract Circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) show great promise for next‐generation display technologies. However, achieving high dissymmetry factors (| g EL |) in circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP‐EL) remains a significant challenge. In this study, we construct a novel chiral co‐assembled cholesteric liquid crystal polymer network ( ChLC‐PN ) as an emitting layer (EML) to enhance CP‐EL via a facile in situ photopolymerization strategy. The ChLC‐PN was fabricated by UV‐induced polymerization (365 nm, 200 mW cm − 2 , 2 min, N₂ atmosphere) of a chiral co‐assembly system comprising liquid crystal monomer ( LCM ) and chiral inducers ( R / S ‐Cz ). Notably, the resulting ( R / S ‐Cz) 0.01 ‐(LCP) 0.99 based devices demonstrate sky‐blue CP‐EL with a maximum | g EL | value of 0.012. This work presents the first report of high‐performance CP‐OLEDs utilizing a chiral co‐assembled cholesteric liquid crystal rigid polymer network, offering a promising platform for simple, stable, and scalable fabrication of future CP‐OLED devices.

Fibro predict a machine learning risk score for advanced liver fibrosis in the general population using Israeli electronic health records

Access to Chiral Cyclic β‐Enaminones via Enantioselective Imine Condensation

Abstract We report herein an unprecedented catalytic enantioselective synthesis of cyclic β‐enaminones from simple meso‐1,3‐diketones via chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed desymmetrization through imine condensation. This transformation provides efficient access to a broad array of cyclic β‐enaminones and acridinones bearing a remote β‐stereogenic center, delivering products in excellent yields and enantioselectivities under mild conditions with a straightforward protocol. Furthermore, the resulting β‐enaminones can undergo one‐step derivatizations to furnish diverse enantioenriched carbo‐ and heterocycles, highlighting their high potential for applications in medicinal chemistry.

The therapeutic effect of Qishen Huoxue Granule on myocardial injury in sepsis rats and its underlying mechanism via suppressing excessive autophagy

Synthesis and Reactivity of a Mono‐Coordinated Triplet Bismuthinidene

Abstract The triplet bismuthinidene Ar*Bi ( 4 ) stabilized by a very bulky septiphenyl ligand (Ar* = 3,5‐ i ‐Pr 2 ‐2,6‐(2,6‐Me 2 ‐3,5‐(2,6‐ i ‐Pr 2 C 6 H 3 ) 2 –C 6 H)–C 6 H) was synthesized by dehydrogenation of in situ formed bismuth dihydride Ar*BiH 2 ( 3 ). Oxidative addition reactions of 4 with alkyl halides (MeI, EtBr, i ‐PrBr) yielded bismuthanes Ar*Bi(Me)I ( 5 ), Ar*Bi(Et)Br ( 6 ), and Ar*Bi( i ‐Pr)Br ( 7 ), which reacted with LiAlH 4 and LiAlD 4 to the thermally robust bismuth monohydrides Ar*Bi(R)H (R = Me 8 , Et 10 , i ‐Pr 12 ) and monodeuterides Ar*Bi(R)D (R = Me 9 , Et 11 , i ‐Pr 13 ). Ar*Bi(NMe 2 ) 2 1 and Ar*BiH 2 3 were characterized in situ by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and sc‐XRD ( 1 ), whereas the other compounds were characterized by heteronuclear NMR ( 1 H/ 2 H (D), 13 C) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis ( Ar*‐2 , Ar*‐3 , Ar*‐5 , Ar*‐7 , Ar*I , Ar*H , 2 , 4 − 7 ), as well as by UV–vis ( 4 ) and sc‐XRD ( Ar*‐7 , Ar*I , Ar*Li·Li t ‐Bu , Ar*H , 1 , 2 , 4 , 12 ). Quantum chemical calculations revealed the triplet character of the bismuthinidine 4 .

Interspecific competition with the American Xanthium orientale L. as a possible cause of the decline of the Old-World X. strumarium L.

Abstract Xanthium is represented in Europe by three species complexes: X. strumarium L., X. orientale L., and X. spinosum L. The former two complexes are similar, in both morphology and ecological requirements. Xanthium strumarium is native to the Old World, whereas X. orientale originates from America and was accidentally introduced into Europe about two centuries ago. Since then, it has colonized the whole continent, while the native congener has become increasingly rare. Over two years, we conducted competition experiments to assess the impact of the introduced X. orientale on the fitness of the native X. strumarium . Germination time, dry biomass, number of burs (pistillate flower heads) and bur biomass were measured as proxies of fitness. Xanthium strumarium was grown alone (control), together with conspecifics (intraspecific competition) or with X. orientale plants (interspecific competition). We also evaluated the allelopathic effect of X. orientale over X. strumarium , by watering Xanthium seedlings with exudate of X. orientale dry leaves. Growth and reproductive traits of X. strumarium were significantly lower in individuals growing in proximity of X. orientale compared to the control, whereas intraspecific competition has a lower but still significant effect. Xanthium orientale, although, germinates and grows faster than the Old-World congener, and under interspecific competition regime, X. strumarium produces significantly lower biomass, number of burs and bur biomass. Watering with exudates negatively influences the germination and the growth of the two species. We therefore believe that interspecific competition of the introduced congener may be one of the causes explaining the drastic decline of X. strumarium populations in Europe in the past century.

Publisher Correction: Analysis of yield stability and genotype–environment interaction for open-pollinated tomato varieties in the Kashmir Himalaya using the AMMI model

Versatile Halide‐Pair‐Driven Multicomponent Polymerization for Library Synthesis of Sequence‐Controlled Semiconducting Dendronized Polymers

Abstract Sequence‐controlled semiconducting polymers represent a new frontier in organic electronics, where precise molecular sequence directly dictates device performance. However, achieving both high sequence fidelity and structural diversity remains a significant challenge using conventional synthetic protocols. To address this issue, we introduce a versatile halide‐pair‐driven multicomponent polymerization (MCP) strategy that enables the library synthesis of sequence‐controlled semiconducting poly(triarylamine)s (PTAAs). By optimizing halide pairing in conjunction with a rationally designed Buchwald ligand–Pd system featuring catalyst‐transfer capability, we achieved efficient sequential cascade aminations, thereby enabling the MCP. The versatility of this strategy was demonstrated through the synthesis of a library of sequence‐controlled PTAAs, including dendronized variants, underscoring its potential as a general platform for functional semiconducting material discovery.