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A novel insight into the femtosecond induced nonlinear response of monoamine neurotransmitters through experimental and in silico approaches
Exploring platelet metabolomics and fatty acid profiles for ALS prognosis and diagnosis
Structure over States: Planarity, Not Energy, Dictates Photoactivation in Ru(II) PACT Agents
High-resolution conditional MR image synthesis through the PACGAN framework
Abstract Deep learning algorithms trained on medical images often encounter limited data availability, leading to overfitting and imbalanced datasets. Synthetic datasets can address these challenges by providing a priori control over dataset size and balance. In this study, we present PACGAN (Progressive Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network), a proof-of-concept framework that effectively combines Progressive Growing GAN and Auxiliary Classifier GAN (ACGAN) to generate high-quality, class-specific synthetic medical images. PACGAN leverages latent space information to perform conditional synthesis of high-resolution brain magnetic resonance (MR) images, specifically targeting Alzheimer’s disease patients and healthy controls. Trained on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset, PACGAN demonstrates its ability to generate realistic synthetic images, which are assessed for quality using quantitative metrics. The ability of the generator to perform proper target synthesis of the two classes was also assessed by evaluating the performance of the pre-trained discriminator when classifying real unseen images, which achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.813, supporting the ability of the model to capture the target characteristics of each class. The pre-trained models of the generator and discriminator, together with the source code, are available in our repository: https://github.com/aiformedresearch/PACGAN.
Chemical Control of Symmetry and Bandgap in Tungsten Oxyhalide van der Waals Semiconductors
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in health conditions associated with alcohol among patients with hypertension in Sweden
Abstract Research on how the COVID-19 pandemic, societal restrictions, and healthcare services barriers have impacted patients with hypertension is limited. This study aimed to evaluate trends in alcohol-related disorders, other alcohol-associated conditions, and deaths among patients with hypertension during the pandemic (March 2020–Feb 2022) compared to the pre-pandemic period (March 2018–Feb 2020) in Region Stockholm, Sweden. This exploratory descriptive time series analysis was conducted among adults diagnosed with hypertension between 2015 and 2018. Data were obtained from the Swedish National Patient Register (specialist care) and the Stockholm Region’s primary care database. The quarterly period prevalence of diagnoses or cumulative incidence of acute diagnoses and deaths was presented. The study included 168,963 patients with hypertension (57% females). Overall, no profound shifts in alcohol-related disorders or mortality were observed during the pandemic. However, noteworthy trends were: alcohol-related disorder diagnoses in primary care increased among females (3.2/1000 compared to 2.8–3.1/1000 pre-pandemic), while rates of alcohol dependency decreased in specialist care, particularly among males (3.5–4.1/1000 compared to 4.1–5.1/1000 pre-pandemic). Alcohol-related disorders and deaths remained higher in males than in females during both periods. Among other alcohol-associated conditions, cardiovascular disease prevalence increased in both sexes in primary care and in male patients in specialist care, whereas mental illness decreased in both sexes. This study highlights the need for continued prevention of hazardous alcohol use among patients with hypertension and monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors. Further research on hypertensive patients is needed, as the pandemic-related health impacts may not become apparent until many years later.
Cell targeting by the bicomponent leukocidin subunit HlgB drives Staphylococcus aureus pathophysiology
Bio-Photo Dual Action of Intracellular Radical Polymerization
Polarons shape the interlayer exciton emission of MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers
Abstract We present evidence for the strong participation of hot phonons in the photo-physics of interlayer excitons (IXs) in 2H − and 3R − stacked MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectroscopy reveals that excess energy associated with relaxation of intra-layer excitons towards IXs profoundly shapes the overall IX-PL lineshape, while the energy of the spectrally narrow discrete emission lines conventionally associated with trapped moiré IXs remain unaffected. A strikingly uniform line-spacing of the discrete emission lines is observed, along with characteristic temperature and excitation level dependence. Results suggest an entirely new picture of the discrete IX emission in which non-thermal phonons play a crucial role in shaping the spectrum. Excitation power and time resolved data indicate that these features are most likely polaronic in nature. Our findings extend the understanding of the photophysics of IXs beyond current interpretations based primarily on moiré-trapped IXs.
ddRAD-seq data reveals the significant population structure and potential causes of population divergence in Bougainvillea
Upcoming FDA approval decisions in Q4 2025
Argonaute 1 contributes to the transcriptional silencing of HIV-1
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbonylation of Alkynes to Axially Chiral Carbothioate Esters
Long-persisting SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4+ T cells associated with mild disease and increased cytotoxicity post COVID-19
Abstract The recent COVID-19 pandemic left behind the lingering question as whether new variants of concern might cause further waves of infection. Thus, it is important to investigate the long-term protection gained via vaccination or exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here we compare the evolution of memory T-cell responses following primary infection with subsequent antigen exposures. Single-cell TCR analysis of three dominant SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses identifies the dominant public TCRα clonotypes pairing with diverse TCRβ clonotypes that associated with mild disease at primary infection. These clonotypes are found at higher frequencies in pre-pandemic repertoires compared to other epitope-specific clonotypes. Longitudinal transcriptomics and TCR analysis, combined with functional evaluation, reveals that the clonotypes persisting 3–4 years post initial infection exhibit distinct functionality compared to those that were lost. Furthermore, spike-specific CD4+ T cells at this time point show decreased Th1 signatures and enhanced GZMA-driven cytotoxic transcriptomic profiles that were independent of TCR clonotype and associated with viral suppression. In summary, we identify common public TCRs used by immunodominant spike-specific memory CD4+ T-cells, associated with mild disease outcome, which likely play important protective roles to subsequent viral infection events.