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Emerging capitalism and sociocultural niche construction in early modern Greece
Abstract Sociocultural niche construction is a key mechanism behind the current planetary crisis. Its causal drivers in past societies remain poorly understood due to a lack of data and modeling complexities. Here, we apply a Bayesian machine learning algorithm to a geospatial quantitative dataset compiled from 15 th −16 th c. CE Ottoman taxation registers, to explore shifts in drivers of land use choices in village communities in southern Greece. Greek and Albanian communities living within the same landscape experienced a transition from unstable political conditions and limited commodification of agriculture to lasting peace, intense market integration and state fiscal pressure, characteristic for early European capitalism. We found that prior to this economic transformation, ethno-cultural identities (Greek or Albanian) played an important role in local ecological niche construction. However, within two human generations (50 years), village communities shifted away from relying on ethnic identities in their ecological choices and their strategies became strongly connected to the investment potential of each village community and the environmental characteristics of their surroundings. Thus, our analysis demonstrates that the pressures of early modern socio-economic systems necessitated highly adaptive behavior from local communities that reduced the ecological significance of traditional identities.
Molecular Engineering of Asymmetric Cyanines with Hybridized Local and Charge-Transfer Characteristics for NIR-II Imaging-Guided Type I/II Photodynamic Therapy
Rural–urban differences in mortality from concurrent heart failure and cancer, 2011–2020
Abstract Rural populations experience higher mortality rates than urban populations for both heart failure (HF) and cancer, however, mortality involving both conditions has not been well characterized. We evaluated national trends and demographic differences in HF-related and HF + cancer–related deaths and assessed rural–urban disparities. Using U.S. death certificate data from 2011 to 2020, we calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons for HF-related and HF + cancer–related deaths overall and stratified by rurality. During the study period, 3,453,655 HF-related deaths occurred, of which 274,715 (8%) also involved cancer. AAMRs increased over time for both outcomes. Rural areas consistently demonstrated higher mortality rates than urban areas for HF-related deaths (143.2 vs 110.1 per 100,000) and HF + cancer–related deaths (11.6 vs 8.8 per 100,000). Rural–urban disparities were evident across sex, age, and race/ethnicity groups. The largest rural-to-urban AAMR ratios were observed for lung/bronchus cancer (1.41), colorectal cancer (1.39), and leukemia (1.32). Mortality associated with both HF and cancer disproportionately affects rural populations. These findings highlight a growing dual burden of cardiovascular disease and cancer in rural communities and underscore the need for targeted prevention and care strategies addressing multimorbidity in these settings.
Kinetically templated fibrillar self-assembly via two-dimensional nanocrystals enables 21% efficient organic solar cells
Resolving Conformational Chirality in a Stereolabile Macrocycle
DMF-T assessment on panoramic images using deep learning-based convolutional neural network algorithm
Lipid-manager autophagy proteins ATG2 and ATG9 regulate extracellular vesicle secretion via amphisome biogenesis and cell lipidome modulation
Abstract Autophagy intersects with endocytic trafficking to regulate extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis, but how upstream lipid-handling autophagy proteins influence this crosstalk is unclear. Here we show that the autophagy lipid-supply proteins ATG9A and ATG2A/B restrain small EV (sEV) secretion by promoting amphisome formation and controlling cellular lipid composition. Deletion of ATG9A or ATG2A/B in cells, which abolishes autophagosome biogenesis, causes a RAB27A-dependent increase in secretion of CD63-enriched, smaller sEVs, and accumulation of intraluminal vesicles within multivesicular endosomes. Under lysosomal inhibition, wild-type cells release LC3- and autophagy cargo receptor-positive sEVs, whereas ATG9A- and ATG2A/B-deficient cells, despite hypersecretion of sEVs, fail to load LC3 or canonical cargo receptors, indicating a block in amphisome-mediated export. Proteomics reveals selective depletion of autophagy receptors and ferritinophagy factors and enrichment of RNA-binding proteins and endosomal trafficking regulators in sEVs from ATG9A- and ATG2A/B-deficient cells. Whole-cell lipidomics uncovers extensive rewiring of the lipidome, with accumulation of ceramides and neutral lipids, altered phospholipid balance, and transcriptional remodeling of lipid metabolic enzymes, while neutral sphingomyelinase inhibition normalizes sEV output. These findings identify ATG9A and ATG2A/B as lipid-dependent gatekeepers that couple autophagosome and amphisome formation, regulating membrane partition between degradative autophagy and exosome-mediated secretion.
An Orthogonal Nanoadjuvant-Based RSV Subunit Vaccine Unlocks Potent Immunity through a High-Entropy-like Immunostimulatory Effect
Solid-state bioreactors for efficient energy recovery from gaseous waste streams
Blocking the m6Am methyltransferase PCIF1 releases STAT1-mediated Th1 immunity to potentiate cancer immunotherapy
Yield Smarter, Not Harder: Good Practices for Machine Learning of Reaction Outcomes
Response surface modeling of oxidized polyethylene drag reduction for hydraulic fracturing
Abstract Hydraulic fracturing operations require precise control of friction-reducer dosage to minimize pumping costs, yet the nonlinear coupling between polymer concentration, flow rate, and drag reduction (DR) efficiency remains difficult to predict quantitatively. To address this gap, the present study develops a predictive Response Surface Methodology (RSM) framework for optimizing the DR performance of oxidized polyethylene (1 MDa) in aqueous fracturing fluids. Using a closed-loop pipe flow system (inner diameter 3 cm, test length 10 m), a central composite design (CCD) was executed over the parameter space of polymer concentration (200–600 ppm) and volumetric flow rate (10–50 L/min) at 20 ± 0.5 °C. The resulting quadratic regression model correlating DR% with the two factors is statistically highly significant ( p < 0.01, R 2 = 0.985, Adj. R 2 = 0.961). The RSM model predicts an optimum DR% of ~ 69.3% at a polymer concentration of ~ 376 ppm and a flow rate of ~ 33 L/min (Re ≈ 35 000), which is experimentally bracketed by the center-point confirmation run (400 ppm, 30 L/min, measured DR% = 69.0%). Validation experiments confirm a prediction error below 2%, and scale-up analysis via empirical scaling laws projects a DR% of 59% under field-relevant conditions (Re = 100 000, large-diameter pipe). Furthermore, temporal degradation tests reveal that DR performance decays exponentially under continuous circulation (first-order rate constant k = 0.045 min −1 ), declining from 70% to 45% within 20 min. These findings provide a reproducible, data-driven basis for real-time dosage optimization and operational fluid management in hydraulic fracturing.
Adult-to-infant unidirectional neural coupling mediates selective social learning in infants from the United Kingdom and Singapore
Precise Fusion of Conjugated Organoboranes: A Tetraboron-Doped Molecular Carbon with Narrowband Fluorescence and Microscale Lasing
Navigating Inner Helmholtz Plane Reactions Enables Robust Lithium Metal Anodes for 500 Wh kg <sup>-1</sup> Pouch Cells
Noncovalent Macrocyclic Encapsulation via Terminal “Dynamic Locking” Enabling High-Performance Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors
Identification of columnar aerosol types and seasonal disparity over urban sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain using a Gaussian Mixture Model
Non-local synchronization of continuous time crystals in a semiconductor
Abstract Synchronization resulting in unified collective behavior of the individual elements of a system that are weakly coupled to each other has long fascinated scientists. Examples range from the periodic oscillation of coupled pendulum clocks to the rhythmic behavior in biological systems. Here we demonstrate this effect in a solid-state platform: spatially remote, auto-oscillating electron-nuclear spin systems in a semiconductor. When two such oscillators separated by up to 40 μ m are optically pumped, their individually different frequencies lock to a common value, revealing long-range coupling. For larger separations, the synchronization breaks. The interaction distance matches the electron spin diffusion length, identifying spin transport as the coupling-mediating mechanism and maintaining correlated behavior over mesoscopic distances. As a consequence, a wide-area optical pump drives all oscillators within the illuminated spot into a single synchronized state, despite their inhomogeneity. This synchronization accounts for the exceptional stability of the resulting auto-oscillations, enabling collective motion in distributed spin systems and paving the way toward spin networks in spintronics.