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Quantifying outer membrane permeability to β-lactam antibiotics using outer membrane vesicles that protect antibiotic-susceptible bacteria
Efficient and Controllable Assembly of Multitype Polyubiquitin Chains via Enzyme-Assisted Thiol Ligation for Structural Elucidation
Freshwater pond function drives contrasting water quality and influences cyanotoxin bloom potential
ACKR2 aids the regulation of bone marrow eosinophils to promote monocyte differentiation and anti-bacterial immunity
Abstract Chemokine receptors control cell migration within the body. Here we reveal interactions between eosinophils and monocytes in the bone marrow, indirectly controlled by the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2. In the absence of ACKR2, there are decreased numbers of eosinophils in the bone marrow. As a result, eosinophil and monocyte interactions are reduced within the bone marrow niche, and are associated with changes in monocyte gene expression. Monocytes from ACKR2-/- mice are recruited to the tissues but are fundamentally altered in their ability to differentiate into macrophages, in the lung, peritoneal cavity and cavity wall. Bacterial elimination is impaired in ACKR2-/- mice during peritoneal infection. ACKR2 is therefore a key regulator of eosinophil-driven monocyte education in the bone marrow, required for full monocyte differentiation and macrophage function within the tissues.
Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Enables Self-Reporting Fluorescent Photoaffinity Labeling in Live Cells
Engineering Organelle-Gated Reporters for Imaging Subcellular Enzyme Activity in Living Cells
Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio spp. carrying carbapenemase genes in aquacultured shrimp and their zoonotic importance
Abstract In the present study, samples (hepatopancreas and muscles) from 100 cultured shrimp ( Penaeus indicus ) were collected. The water samples (n = 30) were obtained from the same shrimp aquaculture farms located at Damietta Governorate in Egypt. An additional 30 samples of human stool were also taken from fish workers who consumed or handled shrimp in the farms. Traditional and regular molecular methods were used for the isolation of Vibrio spp. The investigation identified 165 (63.5%) Vibrio spp. with predominance of V. fluvialis (41.2%), V. alginolyticus (31.5%) and V. parahaemolyticus (7.9%). Findings of large-scale multidrug resistance (77.5% of isolates) and also of the presence of carbapenemase genes ( bla KPC , bla NDM ) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes ( bla CTX-M , bla TEM ) were important discoveries. This strong resistance, due to the fact that a lot of pressure has been exerted on the aquaculture through the use of antibiotics, demonstrates the ineffectiveness of antibiotics in combating vibriosis in shrimp farming. The clinical signs observed in shrimps were red and fragile shells, and pale hepatopancreas. Histopathological analyses corroborated the presence of sloughed hepatopancreas epithelium, vacuolation, oedema and hemocytic infiltration. Regarding sequence similarity, the gyrB gene was sequenced, and all of the shrimp hepatopancreas isolates showed 100% sequence identity with the human stool isolates, which indicates potential genetic relatedness of V. fluvialis isolates. However, because of the conserved nature of gyrB , higher resolution tools are needed to verify transmission (e.g., MLST or WGS). The results of this study show that ecological management strategies and improved farm hygiene practices can be more effective intervention strategies than antibiotic use, providing valuable insights for sustainable shrimp aquaculture and public health interventions.
Extension of Tian Shan along a nascent shear zone
Abstract Our understanding of the dynamics of mountain belt growth is hampered by the lack of high-resolution kinematic observations spanning entire orogenic belts. This is particularly the case for the structurally complex and nascent Tian Shan plateau. Here we use 8 years of Sentinel-1 data across 2 million square kilometres of the Tian Shan to show that the mountain range is extending along its strike, predominantly by rotating along a northeast-trending distributed shear zone. This zone is conjugate to the range strike but aligned with fast axes of shear-wave splitting measurements and a band of strike-slip earthquakes. We interpret this broad zone of shear as resulting from the clockwise rotation of the indenting Tarim Basin, which drives the northeast-to-east motion of the part of the Tian Shan southeast of the cryptic shear zone. Conjugate strike-slip components on numerous basin-bounding faults within the Tian Shan likely facilitate this escape. The present-day vertical deformation of Tian Shan results from a mix of tectonic, climatic, and anthropogenic forcings, with uplift of the highest peak facilitated by thrust along a south-dipping Nalati fault that could be promoted by deglaciation.
Diazoborane-Promoted Boron Insertion into Olefinic C–H Bonds
Two-Dimensional van der Waals Polar Metal MoOBr <sub>2</sub>
Determining the relationship between men’s eHealth literacy levels, their beliefs about cervical cancer, and their spousal support for screening
Stretchable and self-healing copper–iodide scintillator for conformal X-ray imaging and wearable radiation alerting
Total Synthesis of the Diterpene Alkaloid Thelepogine through Enyne Hydroamination
Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of hepatitis B incidence rate in China
Parallel adaptation to geothermally-warmed habitats due to common structural variation and functional developmental pathways
Abstract Climate change is causing rapid temperature increases that drive adaptive changes. Predicting these outcomes remains challenging as the extremes of warming have not yet been experienced by natural populations. Contemporary populations inhabiting geothermally-warmed environments can provide valuable insights, including phenotypic and genomic responses involved in adaptation to warming. Here, we examine independent instances of divergence between geothermal and ambient ecotypes of threespine stickleback. While we identify similar patterns of phenotypic divergence in appetite, fat storage, and fat loss (during starvation), genomic divergence of loci is non-parallel. However, at a functional level, the mapk signalling pathway differs across ecotype pairs and expression of mapk genes differs between ecotypes, are thermally plastic, and influenced by hybridization. We also identify an inversion on chromosome XXI, previously attributed to freshwater colonization, diverging in parallel between ecotypes. Candidate genes within the inversion are associated with metabolic traits, including appetite regulation and fat storage in correspondence with our phenotypic findings. Overall, polygenic adaptation conferring functionally similar outcomes and structural variation are key genomic mechanisms facilitating adaptation to warmed environments. Functional molecular pathways should be prioritized in conservation, as precise allelic changes are difficult to predict and potentially less relevant to thermal adaptation than previously thought.