Browse Articles

Crew Resource Management — Navigating AI’s Automation Paradox

A neural signature of sleep deprivation in the human brain

Abstract Insufficient sleep disrupts cognitive and emotional functioning, yet the precise neural consequences of sleep loss and their persistence remain unclear. Here, we leverage machine learning and large neuroimaging datasets to identify a candidate neural signature that robustly distinguishes sleep-deprived from well-rested brains. We validate this signature across multiple independent datasets spanning both controlled experimental and real-world settings. The signature not only detects residual neural disturbances following a night of recovery sleep, but also demonstrates sensitivity to partial sleep deprivation. Additionally, it captures natural variations in sleep duration in the general population, independent of experimental manipulation. We further identify distributed connectivity patterns that contribute to the signature, highlighting networks vulnerable to sleep manipulations and those that are resistant or rapidly normalized after recovery sleep. The reliability and generalizability of this neural signature underscore its potential as a biomarker for understanding and monitoring the neural impacts of acute and chronic sleep loss.

Spatially Decoupled Capture-Conversion Architectures for Photocatalytic Uranium Extraction from Dilute Wastewater

Cardiotoxic Effects and Microdystrophin Expression after Gene Therapy for DMD

The bacterial mechanosensitive channel MscM gates through concerted changes in its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains

Plasma-Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction for Ammonia Synthesis

Cross-Reactive Bundibugyo Antibody Responses after Receipt of Licensed Ebola Vaccines

In vitro multi-organ invasion model for exploring cardiac resistance to cancer metastasis

VN1K is a pangenome-informed multi-omics and phenomics resource for the Vietnamese population

Toward a Comparable Reactivity Framework for Type I Photoinitiators in Photocleavage, Photopolymerization and Light-Driven Additive Manufacturing

Preclinical characterization of a reversible XPO1 inhibitor for cancer therapy

Controlled Amine-Borane Dehydropolymerization Enabled by Mechanistic Insight Using the Ir( ^t Bu-POCOP)H ₂ Catalyst

Near-unity near-infrared emission from Mo6 cluster doped hybrid halide glasses via halide-ligand and matrix engineering

Abstract Efficient and air-stable near-infrared emitters are needed for compact optical systems, but translating highly emissive molecular triplet emitters into processable bulk solids remains challenging because aggregation, molecular motion and oxygen deactivate long-lived excited states. Here we show that a molecular hybrid halide glass can serve as a protective and regulating host for the triplet emission of molybdenum cluster. By comparing isostructural cluster salts with chloride, bromide and iodide terminal ligands, we establish how apical halide chemistry controls electronic structure and near-infrared radiative dynamics. The chloride-terminated cluster shows the highest efficiency among the molecular salts. When incorporated into a cadmium chloride-based molecular hybrid glass, the clusters become molecularly dispersed, while matrix-dictated halide redistribution and amorphous confinement suppress aggregation, vibrational deactivation and oxygen accessibility. The optimized glass achieves 96.95% internal quantum efficiency and 91.43% external quantum efficiency in air, enabling compact near-infrared illumination for imaging applications.

Early phase of shock formation in pair plasma colliding with electron–proton plasma

Abstract We investigate the collisionless interaction between an electron–positron pair plasma and a magnetized electron–proton plasma using a three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. Our aim is to resolve the early stage of the formation of a discontinuity separating the inner cocoon formed by shocked pair plasma from the outer cocoon in relativistic jets and pair-plasma winds. An initially unmagnetized pair plasma impacts a background plasma permeated by a magnetic field perpendicular to the collision direction. The relative speed is 60% of the speed of light. The drift of electrons and positrons along the sharp, initially planar magnetic boundary destabilizes the boundary, fragmenting it into an ensemble of magnetic flux tubes. The magnetically reflected pair plasma then drives a strong, mildly relativistic shock mediated by the filamentation instability in front of the boundary. The heated and compressed pair plasma pushes the flux tubes deeper into the electron–proton plasma. The electric fields induced by the moving flux tubes and by the unequal densities of electrons and positrons behind the boundary accelerate ambient protons. The simulation resolves the intrinsic spatial and temporal scales governing flux-tube formation and pair shock evolution, providing quantitative guidance for laboratory laser–plasma experiments while directly informing models of astrophysical shocks.

Membrane remodeling by the collective action of caveolin-1

Interfacial Nucleation Pathways Governing Polymorph Selection Revealed by Synchrotron-Based <i>In Situ</i> GIWAXS and Molecular Simulations

A dual-tier plasmid network model underpins the evolutionary success of pandemic Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11

Abstract The convergence of antimicrobial resistance and hypervirulence in high-risk Klebsiella pneumoniae clones represents a major public health threat. However, evolutionary mechanisms enabling specific lineages to achieve pandemic dominance remain unclear. In this study, we integrated pangenomics and network analysis across 1,010 complete genomes from 38 countries. Species-wide dynamics revealed an extremely open pangenome (α = 0.59). In contrast, the dominant ST11 lineage, representing 30% of isolates, exhibited extremely low within-lineage phylogenetic diversity, consistent with a recent clonal expansion concentrated in East Asia. The East Asian ST11 lineage exhibited the lowest pangenome diversity (α = 0.86) associated with fixation of persistence and plasmid-stabilization systems and purging of redundant defense mechanisms. This configuration sustains a dual-tier plasmid network comprising a lineage-anchored IncFII(pHN7A8) replicon for vertical stability alongside high-connectivity hubs such as IncFIB(K) facilitating horizontal gene transfer. Chromosomal integration and tandem amplification of key resistance determinants ( blaK PC−2 , bla CTX−M−15 ) further reinforced this architecture. Consequently, 34.2% of isolates exhibited convergence of carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence. Within the East Asian ST11 clade, two dominant sub-lineages emerged: KL47:O13 (25.5%) and KL64:O2α (72%). Despite lower IncFII(pHN7A8) penetrance, KL64 became the dominant sub-lineage, indicating that factors beyond plasmid carriage, possibly including surface antigen properties, contribute to its epidemiological success. These findings indicate that ST11 success arises from synergy between species-wide pangenome openness and lineage-specific genomic optimization, and highlight plasmid network topology as a complementary framework for genomic surveillance of adaptive clonal expansion.

Adding flexibility to payments for environmental services enhances cost-effectiveness in the Brazilian Amazon

Abnormal Multistep Charge Transfer in a 2D Single-Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework Photocatalyst

Beyond vehicle electrification: a global analysis of reported city actions to reduce car use

Abstract A transition to electric vehicles will reduce carbon emissions but risks leaving wider harms associated with car dependency unresolved. Using the Avoid-Shift-Improve (ASI) Framework to analyse Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) data we find a gap between global climate goals and local transport delivery. Of the 791 cities reporting to the CDP in 2022, 42% reported no transport actions and a further 13% reported only vehicle electrification (Improve) actions. We group cities according to reported number of Avoid or Shift (A-S) categories of action to reduce car use and ownership. Cities reporting across a higher number of A-S categories (High A-S) to avoid car trips and shift to sustainable modes were found more likely to have been awarded A-List status by the CDP for exceptional climate leadership. To explore the self-reported CDP data further we interviewed senior transport practitioners working in 16 cities across high, medium and low A-S categories. Insights from interviews suggest that policy stability, political commitment to climate action and public engagement support implementation of more car reduction measures. Officers in High A-S cities associate successful implementation with durable sustainable transport policies and communication of the co-benefits of reducing car use. In contrast, officers in Low A-S cities describe challenges with policy volatility, lack of resources for engagement, and single benefit framing e.g. to address air pollution or congestion. These findings suggest that reducing car dependency in cities requires more than technological substitution and may depend on institutional capacity, policy continuity and public engagement.