Browse Articles

Contrasting spatial and temporal structuring of seawater and sediment bacterial communities in coastal environments

Temporal dynamics in barrier-involved crashes: Determining shifts in driving behavior and injury risk across multi-year periods

Inside Front Cover: Nanocluster‐Stabilized Sulfur‐Based Superradical with High Photothermal Performance and NIR‐II Emission (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2026)

Heavy‐Atom‐Embedded Narrowband Multiple‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters With Aromaticity Guided by Hückel's and Baird's Rules

ABSTRACT Multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitters featuring rapid reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) are highly desirable for efficient triplet harvesting.  Conventional heavy‐atom strategies often enhance RISC at the expense of spectral broadening, particularly when heavy atoms are embedded in 8π‐electron six‐membered rings, where aromaticity reversal between Hückel's and Baird's rules induces structural reorganization. Here, we report a design strategy through peripheral fusion of heavy‐atom‐containing five‐membered aromatic rings into a classical multiple‐resonance framework BCzBN. The rigid aromatic 6π‐electron rings maintain planarity in both ground and excited states for small reorganization energy, which effectively suppresses structural relaxation‐induced spectral broadening, while simultaneously enhancing spin–orbit coupling (SOC). The resulting emitters achieve narrowband pure‐green electroluminescence with a 27 nm full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) and Commission Internationale de l′Éclairage y ‐coordinate of 0.72, together with a RISC rate >10 6 s − 1 . Optimized organic light‐emitting diode devices show a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.3% with negligible efficiency roll‐off, maintaining EQEs of 31.2% and 25.6% at 1000 and 10 000 cd m − 2 , respectively. This work demonstrates the critical role of π‐electron counting in heavy‐atom integration and provides a general design principle for high‐performance MR‐TADF materials that concurrently achieve narrow emission and fast RISC kinetics.

A stacking ensemble with Pareto optimization for scalable electricity theft detection via hybrid data repair and lightweight deployment

Abstract Electricity theft poses a significant challenge to grid reliability and utility revenues, while its detection using smart meter data is constrained by data quality issues, severe class imbalance, and practical deployment limitations. This study presents a stacking ensemble framework, termed Scalable Trustworthy Lightweight Network (STL-Net), for electricity theft detection (ETD) using smart meter data. The proposed framework integrates hybrid data repair, class imbalance handling, and temporal dimensionality reduction with a heterogeneous stacking ensemble composed of NGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and XGBoost. Hyperparameters of the base learners are optimized using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to identify Pareto-optimal configurations that jointly consider predictive performance and model complexity before stacking. Model interpretability is supported through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), which provide transparent analysis of detection outcomes. Experiments conducted on real-world smart meter data demonstrate that STL-Net achieves an ROC-AUC of 0.9869 and an F1-score of 94.47%, outperforming a wide range of machine learning, ensemble, and deep learning baselines across multiple evaluation metrics. A lightweight variant, STL-Lite, preserves comparable detection performance (ROC-AUC: 0.9858) while reducing inference latency by approximately 40%, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments. These results indicate that the proposed framework effectively integrates accuracy, computational efficiency, and interpretability for ETD in smart grid applications.

Switching N‐N Versus N‐H Couplings in Nitrate Electroreduction With CuPd Surface Atomic Motifs

ABSTRACT Nitrate electroreduction reaction (NO 3 − RR) offers a promising solution to address excessive nitrate emissions by converting them into either environmentally benign dinitrogen or useful ammonia. Bimetallic catalysts, such as CuPd, have been recognized to be active for NO 3 − RR. However, the product discrepancies over bimetallic catalysts hinder further rational construction, largely owing to the poor understanding of how atomic‐level surface structures precisely control post‐NO reduction pathways via crucial intermediates binding. Herein, we take CuPd as model bimetallic catalysts with ordered (o‐CuPd) and phase‐segregated (p‐CuPd) architectures, featuring Cu‐Pd hetero‐motifs and Cu‐Cu/Pd‐Pd homo‐motifs on the surface, respectively, to elucidate the structure‐performance relationship. The o‐CuPd enabled selective N 2 production with a current density up to 200 mA cm −2 and Faradaic efficiency of ∼95%, whereas the p‐CuPd achieved NH 3 formation with 195 mA cm −2 and ∼84% FE. Multiple in situ studies and DFT calculations disclosed that the binding strength of *NO intermediates scales linearly with that of *N, and their adsorption strengths over Cu‐Pd and Cu‐Cu or Pd‐Pd motifs play a crucial role in determining the post‐NO reduction pathways towards either N‐N or N‐H couplings, resulting in distinct final products. This work provides new insights for the rational construction of bimetallic catalysts for denitrification and ammonia electrosynthesis.

Multiscale microscopic pore structure characterization and storage–flow coupling mechanisms in ultra-low permeability tight sandstone reservoirs

Traces of Elements in the Electrochemical Reductive Amination of Acetone: Uncovering Bi as Substitute for Pb

ABSTRACT Amines are broadly utilized as solvents, pharmaceuticals, herbicides, or materials. A benign synthesis route to produce amines from carbonylic substrates is the electrochemical reductive amination, whereby electrons combined with a green proton source like water serve as formal reducing agent. Surprisingly, investigating various p‐block elements as mediator for the electrochemical conversion of acetone in presence of methylamine revealed that only elements of the sixth period show an activity. Building up on these findings and the general low toxicity of Bi compared to Tl or Pb, the electrochemical hydrogenation of N ‐methylpropan‐2‐imine was optimized by studying the effect of Bi concentration, reaction temperature, and cathode material. Thus, this work highlights Bi as innovative mediator for the electrochemical reductive amination, whereby in presence of a few ppm‐amounts of Bi at ambient temperatures high amine yields are achievable.

Effects of post-treatment systolic blood pressure on adverse outcomes in hypertensive population with comorbidity

Potassium enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in Cambrian black shale from eastern Guizhou, China

Multifunctional Molecular Engineering Enables Simultaneously Dendrite‐Free and Corrosion‐Resistant Zinc‐Halogen Batteries

ABSTRACT The performance enhancement of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) critically hinges on the intelligent design of electrolyte additives. However, elucidating the complex mechanistic role of additives remains challenging due to intricate multiple interactions at the molecule–electrode interface and within the ion‐solvent structure, rendering traditional trial‐and‐error approaches inadequate for precise performance regulation. To address this, we develop a quantitative model that correlates depth of discharge (DOD) and cycle life. Guided by the correlation between different functional groups, a multifunctional additive featuring both amide (─CONH─) and sulfonic acid (─SO 3 − ) groups was strategically selected. The experimental validation clearly demonstrates that this additive can function through three complementary mechanisms, thereby effectively suppressing the issues of corrosion, hydrogen evolution, and dendrite growth. Consequently, the zinc anode achieves an exceptional cycle reversibility exceeding 5000 h, and Zn||Cu batteries exhibit remarkable stability for 3800 times with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. Notably, this strategy also drastically enhances the cycling stability of both two‐electron and four‐electron Zn||I 2 batteries as well as Zn||Br 2 batteries. This work offers a generalizable, performance‐driven design framework for multifunctional additives, paving the way toward practical, long‐life zinc‐halogen batteries.

Correction: Associations of personality traits with actigraphic sleep in middle-aged and older adults

Privacy-preserving vaccine supply chain management leveraging blockchain and self-sovereign identity

Convolutional neural networks using preoperative CT to predict short-term recurrence after incisional hernia repair

Integrated ore classification using stand-alone and hybridised machine learning algorithms

Biosynthesis of Kaitocephalin: A Neuroprotective Natural Product Featuring a Peptide‐Like yet Nonpeptidic Scaffold

ABSTRACT Kaitocephalin (KCP) is a neuroprotective natural product that acts as an antagonist of ionotropic glutamate receptors, making it a highly promising lead for drug discovery. It possesses a unique scaffold composed of three amino acids connected via C─C bonds, which appears peptide‐like but is formed without peptide bonds. In this study, we identified the KCP biosynthetic gene cluster ( kpb cluster) in the producing fungus Eupenicillium shearii through integrated genomic and transcriptomic analyses. LC‐MS/MS profiling and chemical derivatization of E. shearii extracts led to the discovery of four novel pathway‐related metabolites. In vitro enzymatic assays with 2( S )‐dechlorokaito lactate, one of the four identified metabolites, as a substrate enabled functional characterization of KpbI, KpbM, and KpbB involved in KCP formation. Among them, the dioxygenase KpbI was found to catalyze an unprecedented two‐step oxidation to form the d ‐serine moiety. In addition, isotope tracing experiments provided new insights into the origin of the l ‐proline moiety. These findings establish a foundation for future studies aimed at elucidating the complete biosynthetic mechanism of KCP.

Monitoring treatment response using an ultra-sensitive ctDNA assay in advanced esophagogastric cancer patients

Stabilization of the Benzene Radical Trianion in an Inverse‐Sandwich Yttrium Complex

Abstract Herein, the first report on the isolated and unambiguously proven benzene radical trianion is presented. This unprecedented radical oxidation state of benzene is stabilized through two trivalent rare earth (RE) metal cations each supported by a bis(guanidinate) scaffold. Specifically, the one‐electron chemical reduction of the neutral inverse‐sandwich yttrium complex [[{(Me 3 Si) 2 NC(N i Pr) 2 } 2 Y] 2 ( μ – ƞ 6 : ƞ 6 –C 6 H 6 )] 1 , containing a benzene dianion, with potassium graphite (KC 8 ) in the presence of [2.2.2]‐cryptand yielded the title complex [K([2.2.2]‐cryptand)][[{(Me 3 Si) 2 NC(N i Pr) 2 } 2 Y] 2 ( μ – ƞ 6 : ƞ 6 –C 6 H 6 • )] 2 , featuring a benzene radical trianion. Analyses through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, EPR and UV–vis spectroscopy, elucidated its molecular structure and revealed strong [Y III –(C 6 H 6 ) 3–• –Y III ] metal–radical interactions. Although the Y centers remain in the +3 oxidation state, the spin density of the unpaired electron resides primarily on the benzene trianion moiety and extends toward the Y III ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on 2 corroborate this assignment and further suggest weak aromaticity for the benzene radical trianion.

Performance of woven fabrics for absorbent applications

Abstract This study investigates the performance of woven fabrics developed using modified cotton fabric, where the weft yarns consist of roving and the warp yarns are conventional spun yarns, aiming to enhance absorbency and moisture transport properties in functional absorbent textile products. Two weave structures - plain and twill - were produced with varying weft densities of 5, 7, and 9 picks/cm, using roving yarns with a yarn count of Ne 1.1 in the weft direction. A comprehensive set of standard tests was conducted, including air permeability, thermal conductivity, abrasion resistance, pilling grades, tensile strength, dimensional stability, fabric friction, fabric roughness, and moisture management performance. Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the relationships between fabric structure, pick density, and the measured performance properties, while a radar chart was employed to evaluate and compare the samples by integrating their physical, mechanical, and tactile characteristics. T9 (Twill – 9 picks/cm) ranked as the top-performing sample, followed by P9 (Plain – 9 picks/cm) and T5 (Twill – 5 picks/cm). However, based on moisture-management indicators, specifically the One-Way Transport Index (905.2%) and Overall Moisture Management Capacity (0.98), T5 showed the highest absorption efficiency, T5 optimizes moisture functionality, illustrating a trade-off between mechanical/tactile properties and moisture-management performance.

Prediction of wear outcomes and mechanical characterization of innovative SiO2 incorporated aluminium matrix composites