Browse Articles

Homochiral Indium‐Oxo Clusters With Multichromatic Circularly Polarized Luminescence

ABSTRACT The development of chiral main‐group metal‐oxo clusters (MOCs) exhibiting high‐performance circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) remains a significant challenge. This study presents a generalizable strategy to successfully synthesize a series of chiral indium‐oxo clusters (cInOCs). These cInOCs can further self‐assemble into supramolecular absolute helices through intermolecular interactions, exhibiting strong chirality and intense blue CPL with a dissymmetry factor g lum of 0.012–0.013. To our knowledge, these cInOCs represent the first intrinsically CPL‐active main‐group MOCs, whose performance rivals or surpasses that of previously reported dye‐doped chiral main‐group MOCs systems. Capitalizing on the substantial pore channels within the cInOCs, green and yellow fluorescent dye molecules were encapsulated in situ, yielding cInOCs@Dyes composites with color‐tunable CPL properties. Efficient chirality transfer from the cInOC host to the guest dyes led to enhanced and tunable photoluminescence, alongside highly adjustable and amplified CPL. A maximum g lum of 0.037 was attained, approximately three times greater than that of the pristine cInOCs. Furthermore, the successful processability of these cInOCs or cInOCs@Dyes composites into flexible, transparent films highlights their considerable potential for practical applications in optical and photonic devices.

Semaglutide restores metabolic and structural homeostasis along the gut-heart-metabolic axis in a cafeteria diet-induced obesity model

Highly Tough, Notch‐Insensitive, and Fast Self‐Healing Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers by Tailored Soft Segment Design

ABSTRACT Achieving toughness, notch insensitivity, and self‐healing within a single thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) system is challenging. Hard domains formed by hydrogen‐bonded urethane linkages provide mechanical strength but limit the chain mobility needed for healing, while soft domains enable elasticity but are more vulnerable to damage. We propose a soft‐segment modification strategy that incorporates α,ω‐hydroxyl end‐functionalized polyacrylates into conventional TPU structures. Unlike our previous systems based on linear‐alkyl acrylates (i.e., n ‐butyl acrylate), introducing branched‐alkyl acrylic soft segments (i.e., 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate) generate side‐chain architectures whose segmental dynamics respond more sensitively to temperature. This enhanced thermal responsiveness promotes thermally activated chain mobility and more uniform stress distribution, all without compromising the mechanical contribution of the hard domains. As a result, the acrylic TPUs display high toughness (186 MJ·m − 3 ), stable notch performance (fracture energy >197 kJ·m − 2 at elongations above 900%), and practical self‐healing (∼90% recovery at 45°C within 3 h). These findings highlight that branched polyacrylate–based soft‐segment engineering offers a balanced pathway to mechanically robust and adaptable TPU elastomers.

A smart monocular vision metrology system based on computer for standing long jump

Electrical Sensitive Trianthracene Nanoparticle for Afterglow Imaging Epileptic Abnormal Discharges

Abstract Abnormal discharge during epileptic seizures monitoring is essential for epilepsy treatment, but current imaging methods present challenges. In this study, we developed afterglow nanoparticles (TA‐NPs), composed of a trianthracene derivative (TA) and amphiphilic polymer PSMA, for in vivo detection of cumulative abnormal brain discharge in epilepsy models. TA‐NPs exhibit the ability to respond to external current stimulation, along with a turn‐off trend in the afterglow intensity, while keeping intact under normal neuronal activity. Application in an acute epilepsy model demonstrated that afterglow intensity correlated with current parameters in the brain, aligning with in vitro results. Furthermore, curcumin pretreatment reduced epileptic discharge and led to distinguishable changes in the afterglow response of TA‐NPs, confirming their sensitivity to cumulative electrical abnormalities. These nanoparticles offer a promising tool for studying abnormal electrical discharges accumulated in the brain of epilepsy.

Effect of Spirulina platensis on the content values of wheat bread

Abstract Due to their nutritional composition, algae are promising ingredients in the development of new foods. The aim of our work was to prepare bread containing Spirulina platensis (new name Arthrospira platensis ) in different percentages (0.5, 1.0, 2.5%) within the framework of the MSZ 6369/8-1988 standard, and to determine its content (dry matter, ash, fat, protein/nitrogen, fiber content, carbohydrate content, and polyoxide, color), as well as its texture and color. Furthermore, we assessed consumer opinions through a sensory evaluation. We found that increasing the width and shape fraction while decreasing the height. The results showed that the antioxidant and polyphenols properties of Spirulina-enriched breads increased. The protein, nitrogen, fibre content increased and carbohydrate, energy value properties of Spirulina-enriched breads decreased with increasing concentration of algae. Spirulina powder increased the greenness of the bread and decreased the lightness of the crumb. The hardness, cohesiveness and springiness increased with the addition of Spirulina to bread, while the gumminess and chewiness values became lower compared to the control. Consumer acceptability results showed that the addition of Spirulina at a concentration of 2.5% significantly reduced overall acceptance. Our results indicated that Spirulina cyanobacteria, can be a suitable raw material for making bread, also from the point of view of healthier and sustainable nutrition.

Using AI to forecast student dropout risk in technical education using a learning analytics approach

Nanocluster‐Stabilized Sulfur‐Based Superradical with High Photothermal Performance and NIR‐II Emission

Abstract The stabilization and multifunctionalization of radicals constitute two major challenges. We introduce a “kill two birds with one stone” methodology and illustrate the production of Au 64 (CPT) 31 S· from the newly obtained precursor nanocluster Au 64 (CPT) 32 (CPT: cyclopentanethiolate). Despite the isolated Au 64 (CPT) 31 S· are ultrastable (maintain the majority under 100 °C for 2 h in an atmospheric solution environment), they can initiate the polymerization of pentaerythritol triacrylate in 3D printing. In addition, the superradicial(which means it is not a single (super)atom but a complex system with superstability) exhibited NIR‐II emission, as well as high photothermal conversion efficiencies of 82.9% and 65.1% under 532 and 980 nm laser irradiation, respectively. Therefore, this study can serve as a foundation for novel superradical studies and applications and the findings hold notable implications for radical stabilization, multifunctionalization, and structure–composition–property correlations.

Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the dual-target inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting and neurodegenerative enzymes by Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. via molecular docking and dynamics simulations

Semi‐Reduction of Allenes to Access Deuterated Allylic Isotopomers, Isotopologs and Enantioisotopomers

ABSTRACT Selectively deuterated compounds represent high value synthetic targets with applications across many scientific disciplines. Despite their importance, reactions that enable access to products precisely deuterated at an allylic position with complete control over the degree of deuteration are extremely rare. In fact, the high enantiopurity synthesis of enantioisotopomers owing their chirality solely to hydrogen isotopes at an allylic position has remained elusive to date. Herein, we report a modular Cu‐catalyzed semi‐reductive deuteration of allenes to access a broad scope of small molecules, drug analogs, and natural product analogs precisely deuterated at allylic positions. The semi‐reduction strategy has been applied to access a range of precisely labeled d1 ‐, d2 ‐, d3 ‐, d5 ‐, and d7 ‐isotopologs. In this work, we disclose the first high enantiopurity synthesis of allylic‐ d1 enantioisotopomers, along with a highly accurate and precise analysis for enantiomeric excess (EE) determination and assignment of absolute configuration (AC) using molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy.

Liquid digestate treatment potential of five green microalgae in non-axenic cultures

Yb ₂ ‐Tb Upconversion in a Hetero‐Trimetallic Molecular Lanthanide Complex

ABSTRACT Photon Upconversion in molecular hetero‐metallic lanthanide systems is challenged by the lack of chemical diversity displayed by the lanthanide ions. Here, we report the multi‐photon photophysical properties of a series of molecular hetero‐trimetallic lanthanide complexes Yb 2 Ln (Ln = Eu 3+ , Gd 3+ , Tb 3+ ) assembled from kinetically inert building blocks providing site‐specific chemical control regarding introduction of differing lanthanide ions. The hetero‐trimetallic complex Yb 2 Tb shows efficient Yb 2 → Tb photon upconversion via cooperative sensitization in both D 2 O and H 2 O. By contrast, Yb 2 Eu does not show Yb 2 → Eu upconversion, while Yb 2 Gd has been used as a spectroscopic blank. We find that the Yb 2 → Tb energy transfer appears to be independent of OH quenching from the solvent. Additionally, we report the intermetallic distances in the complex using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the Yb 2 → Tb cooperative sensitization upconversion energy transfer remains effective despite relatively long intermetallic distances between donor pairs (13.5–25 Å) and between the Yb donors and the Tb acceptor (11.5–13.5 Å).

Harnessing artificial neural networks for accurate PV system parameters determination: radiation, temperature, and MPPT

Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly significant in modern electrical energy applications. Extracting the maximum power from PV modules with high efficiency requires measuring temperature (T) and irradiance (G), which often demands sensors that increase the overall system cost. Furthermore, tracking the PV maximum power point (MPP) under varying T and G presents a considerable challenge. Conventional MPPT techniques require a long time to reach the MPP and can exhibit fluctuations during operation. To address these challenges, this work proposes a novel two-stage maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. In the first stage, T and G are estimated using an artificial neural network (ANN) based on the measured PV open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, thereby reducing system cost. The first proposed stage is compared with Newton Raphson and Open circuit voltage methods (VOC) in terms of T and G errors. In the second stage, the MPP is determined directly by ANN under varying T and G, minimizing tracking time and fluctuations. This stage is compared with Fuzzy logic control (FLC), Perturb and observe (P&O), Fixed increment conductance (FIC) and Variable increment conductance (VIC) in terms of efficiency, time capture (TC), and steady-state error. Simulation results demonstrate high tracking efficiency (99.99%), fast settling time (0.007 s), and low voltage/current ripples (0.018/0.12). Comparison with FLC (99.1%, 0.0275s), P&O (98.7%, 0.0322s), FIC (98.78%, 0.0517s), and VIC (98.81%, 0.0342s) confirms the best performance of the proposed method. The proposed ANN-based method is applied to simulate the system for three case studies. In the first case, predefined data are utilized, while in the second case, real T and G data from Hurghada, Egypt are employed. Third case is an experimental setup established to validate the performance of the proposed ANN strategy. The result of the proposed system was evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink.

Relay Storage of Protons and Zinc Ions Enables Practical High‐Mass‐Loading Organic Electrodes

ABSTRACT Rechargeable Zn–organic batteries hold great promise for sustainable energy storage, yet most reported high performances are achieved only at low mass loadings (2–3 mg cm −2 ), far from practical application. Here, we investigate poly(benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PBQS) electrodes working in a water‐in‐salt electrolyte and reveal that PBQS first undergoes faradaic proton insertion during discharge, which is subsequently displaced by Zn 2+ , releasing protons back into the electrolyte. This dynamic relay allows a small amount of H + to cycle repeatedly, acting as a kinetic buffer that offset the sluggish diffusion of Zn 2+ . Owing to this mechanism and PBQS's high conductivity, a low‐carbon (10 wt.%) PBQS electrode with an ultrahigh mass loading of 100 mg cm −2 delivers a capacity of 187.1 mAh g −1 (∼96% of low‐loading capacity) and achieves a record areal capacity of 18 mAh cm −2 . The electrode also exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling stability, suggesting its strong potential for practical applications.

Correction: Kinetic and isothermal insights on phenol removal via biochar from vicia Faba stems

A Breakthrough in Formic Acid Oxidation by a Dual‐Atomic Ir–N ₄ /Pt–N ₄ Catalyst via Parallel Reaction Pathways Under Over‐Boiling Point Environment

ABSTRACT Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) suffer from sluggish desorption‐charge transfer processes during complex multi‐atomic molecule oxidation (e.g., C/H/O‐containing species) due to simple active sites and tedious carbonyl/C─H bond tandem oxidation pathways. Herein, we propose a new atomically dispersed Ir–N 4 /Pt–N 4 catalyst (Ir 1 –Pt 1 NC) to construct efficient dual‐pathway reactions as directional parallel reactions, namely, Pt activates H adsorption while adjacent Ir sites specifically bind carbonyl groups (C═O) under the over‐boiling point environment. The confirmed Ir–N 4 /Pt–N 4 dual‐isolated coordination structure modulates the d‐band center to achieve greatly reduced energy barrier and form a new parallel dual‐pathway mechanism, significantly improving catalytic kinetics and boosting the charge transfer process. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that strong hydrogen bond networks in formic acid (FA) solutions impede molecular diffusion, where over‐boiling point operation significantly weakens the hydrogen bonding of FA molecules, thus realizing a “double × double” enhancement effect. The “dual‐atomic catalyst with over‐boiling point hydrogen bond dissociation” strategy achieve an unprecedented catalytic performance, that is, a mass activity of 125.9 A mg −1 , far exceeding those of the state‐of‐the‐art single atomic catalysts (10–30 A mg −1 ) and the commercial iridium‐carbon (Ir/C) catalyst (0.1 A mg −1 ), and building a new universal “structure + environment” dual‐regulation for formic acid oxidation (FAOR) and the rapid degradation of other small organic molecules.

Prevention measures and monitoring technology of dynamic load in Tangshan coal mine after coal bump disaster

Compressed deepfake detection via GA-LASSO selection of deep features and machine learning models

Abstract In an era of advanced synthetic media, deepfake detection is challenged by high-dimensional feature spaces, compression artifacts, and poor generalization. This paper proposes a hybrid feature-selection framework combining genetic algorithms (GA) with LASSO regularization to reduce redundancy in ResNet50 embeddings from 2048 to 120–170 features (>90% reduction). Experiments on FaceForensics++ (FF++) and Celeb-DF v2 under C0, C23, and C40 compression show improved accuracy, efficiency, and robustness. In single-seed evaluations, the method achieves AUC = 99.48 and 97.11% accuracy (KNN, Deepfakes C23) and remains competitive under cross-dataset and cross-manipulation testing. On Celeb-DF v2 with harsh C40 compression, SVM achieves AUC = 78.74, outperforming many end-to-end models. Multi-seed analysis shows consistent top-tier performance across datasets (e.g., FF++ C40: 85.2% accuracy; Celeb-DF C0: 88.7%). GA+LASSO maintains accuracy comparable to GA while substantially reducing computational cost, particularly under heavy compression (Celeb-DF C40). Overall, the proposed framework enhances accuracy, generalization, and stability while reducing feature dimensionality and computational cost, offering a lightweight and robust deepfake detection solution suited to real-world media conditions.

Synergistic Molecular Locking Through Sodium‐Integrated Cross‐Linkable Scaffold Enables Durable Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

ABSTRACT The primary challenge in commercializing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) mainly stems from undesired non‐radiative recombination loss and defect‐mediated migration of halide perovskite materials. Herein, we propose a synergistic stabilization strategy integrating in situ polymerization with sodium interstitial doping to concurrently regulate crystallization kinetics and suppress ion migration. The cross‐linked scaffold formed by sodium thioctate (TANA) templates high‐quality perovskite growth through retarded crystallization and suppressed nucleation, while Na + dopants occupying interstitial sites effectively reduce electron–phonon coupling and alleviate the lattice microstrain. Additional coordination and hydrogen bonding between TANA and the perovskite facilitate the suppression of iodide and lead vacancy defects, reinforcing the driving forces for carrier extraction and transfer. As a result, the optimized device yields a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.90% (certified 26.75%), along with excellent long‐term stability, retaining 92.3% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h under continuous operation (ISOS‐L‐2I). Remarkably, a minimodule with an aperture area of 10.24 cm 2 also achieves a remarkable PCE of 23.0%, underscoring the industrial potential of this multifunctional stabilization approach.

Another piece of the puzzle: analysis of Acanthocheilonema spirocauda larvae from its presumed intermediate host the seal louse (Echinophthirius horridus)

Abstract The transmission of the seal heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda (Nematoda: Filarioidea) by the haematophagous seal louse Echinophthirius horridus (Anoplura: Echinophthiriidae) has been proposed for many decades, and several studies based on morphological and molecular data indicate this intermediate host-parasite relationship. However, the larval stages of A. spirocauda have rarely been visualized and studied so far. In the current study, we dissected 151 E. horridus lice obtained from naturally infested seals to investigate the presence of A. spirocauda larvae. Overall, 26.5% of the seal lice proved infected with A. spirocauda. In total, 186 larvae were found, comprising all larval stages. Thereby, 142 larvae were measured, revealing 101 first-stage (L1; 71.1%), 31 second-stage (L2; 21.8%), and 7 third-stage larvae (L3; 4.9%). Larval stages were mainly allocated in the fat bodies (95.1%), but also detected in the caput (2.8%), haemocoel (1.4%), and thoracic muscles (0.7%) of E. horridus . For imaging, we used light microscopy, confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopy to provide a more detailed morphological characterization of A. spirocauda larvae. Our findings further support E. horridus as a likely obligate intermediate host in the heteroxenous life cycle of A. spirocauda and call for more research on vector-borne pathogens in pinniped populations.