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A high-selectivity 24-GHz SIW–DGS–CPW bandpass filter with wide stopband rejection for automotive radar and ADAS
Abstract A performance-efficient compact, highly selective 24 GHz SIW-based bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed for automotive radar and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The key contribution is a single-layer SIW–DGS–CPW co-design in which SIW cavities provide a high-Q passband, an open-rectangular DGS introduces transmission zeros to steepen the skirts and reinforce the stopband, and a CPW feeding transition improves matching and practical integration. Implemented on a substrate of Rogers RO4003C with $${\varepsilon }_{r}=3$$ and thickness of 0.508 mm, the prototype occupies $$4.27{\lambda }_{g}\times 2.14{\lambda }_{g}$$ , achieving a pronounced miniaturization while maintaining strong spectral selectivity. Full-wave simulations and measurements confirm a center frequency of 23.97 GHz and a 450-MHz 3-dB bandwidth, with return loss better than 24 dB and an in-band insertion loss of 1.6–2.0 dB ( $${S}_{21}$$ ). The filter exhibits sharp roll-off with a measured 40-dB rejection within ± (0.8–1.2) GHz from $${f}_{0}$$ , and 30–35 dB suppression across 20–30 GHz. A compact equivalent-circuit model captures the passband behavior and transmission zeros. Thermal analysis (25–105 °C) shows only a slight downshift (~ 30 MHz) with minimal performance degradation, supporting automotive reliability. Compared with prior 24-GHz BPFs, the proposed co-integration simultaneously improves skirt selectivity and wide stopband suppression within a compact footprint.
Protein microarray-based profiling of salivary IgA antibodies against human proteins in COVID-19 patients with depressive symptoms
Abstract To understand the pathophysiology and etiology of COVID-19 patients with depressive symptoms, we investigated the presence of autoantibodies associated with neurological sequelae using salivary IgA antibody profiling in COVID-19 patients with depressive symptoms. We used a human protein microarray system to comprehensively measure IgA antibodies against human proteins in the saliva of three groups of participants: those who developed moderate or severe depressive symptoms 2–14 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection (the ‘COVID-19 group’), those with no infection history who showed no depressive symptoms or only mild depressive symptoms (the ‘healthy control group’), and those with no infection history who were diagnosed with depression. As a result, 65 types of IgA antibodies recognizing human proteins were identified, all of which were present only in the COVID-19 group and not in the healthy control group. Several antigens recognized by these antibodies are associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that distinctive salivary IgA antibody profiles may be associated with depressive symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection and could serve as candidate biomarkers for further investigation.
Efficient speed and voltage regulation of BLDC motor drive for EV applications using a multi-device interleaved DC–DC bidirectional converter with TIFDNFD–SFOA controller
Analysis of anode temperature stability in hollow cathode vacuum arc brazing under multi-parameter coupling based on SR-MLP
Compressive and shear behaviour of high-water quick-setting material modified collapsible loess subgrade
Abstract This paper proposed a conceptual material to construct the road subgrade, for which the high-water quick-setting material is adopted to modify the collapsible loess. To verify the feasibility and easy-to-construct of this innovative construction material, a series of mechanical tests were carried out to investigate the compressive and shear behaviour of high-water quick-setting material modified Ili loess. The results demonstrate that the high-water quick-setting material significantly enhances the early-stage strength of loess. The mechanical analysis indicates that both the unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus reach their maximum values at a soil-to-binder ratio (S/B) of 3:1, but gradually decrease as the water-to-binder ratio (W/B) increases. Cohesion shows a continuous decline with higher W/B ratio, while the internal friction angle is most significantly improved at the optimal S/B ratio of 3:1. the scanning electron microscope (SEM) results confirmed that ettringite (AFt) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel are key contributors to strength enhancement, with NMR analysis indicating optimized porosity at favorable mix proportions. Water immersion tests identified an optimum formulation that maintained high structural stability under wet conditions, as evidenced by its exceptional softening characteristics. An integrated engineering adaptation model was established by correlating mix parameters with mechanical properties, balancing strength and admixture content. The high-water material demonstrate effective improvement of collapsible loess, significantly enhancing its engineering performance and validating its suitability for loess subgrade construction.
Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway, a potential target of oridonin in inhibiting ferroptosis during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury progression
A CNN–Bi-LSTM pipeline and open FSW dataset for freestyle wrestling action recognition
Machine learning and response surface analysis of mean drop size and dispersed phase holdup in an L-shaped pulsed sieve plate column
Individual differences in musical melody perception moderate the speech-to-song illusion in Mandarin Chinese listeners
Abstract Repeated exposure to a spoken phrase can give rise to the perception of the speech-to-song illusion (STS), whereby speech gains musical qualities and begins to sound like singing. STS is known to rely on acoustic cues and may depend on an individual’s ability to extract musical qualities (such as melody and rhythm) from speech acoustics. So far, most research has examined listeners of non-tonal languages, with preliminary evidence indicating that tonal-language listeners experience STS differently, if at all. This study investigated STS in Mandarin Chinese listeners who rated song-likeness of Mandarin sentences before and after repetition and completed the Musical Ear Test. Test sentences were designed to promote the acoustic transmission of either melody or rhythm. Results demonstrated a modest STS effect in Mandarin listeners at the group level, which was independent of sentence acoustics. Individual abilities in rhythm perception had no impact on STS while, somewhat surprisingly, weaker melody perception abilities were found to facilitate STS. This suggests that STS in Mandarin Chinese may be linked to a perceptual distortion of pitch. Overall, the findings indicate that STS mechanisms are shaped by linguistic background of listeners and provide new evidence that language experience can influence music perception and cognition.
Voltage-gated calcium channels as key regulators of neuronal differentiation in the immortalized dorsal root ganglion neuronal cell line F11
Abstract Calcium signaling is essential for neuronal development and function, yet its role in the differentiation of immortalized neuronal cell lines remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the involvement of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) in the differentiation of the F11 cell line, a widely used translational model derived from the fusion of mouse neuroblastoma cells with rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Differentiation was associated with greater KCl-evoked increases in intracellular Ca 2+ and with upregulated expression of VGCC-encoding genes, particularly those for L-type channels. Pharmacological inhibition of L-type VGCCs reduced the KCl-evoked intracellular Ca 2+ increase and impaired neurite outgrowth, underscoring their role in differentiation. Additionally, overexpression of Ca V 1.3 in non-differentiated F11 cells enhanced neuronal features, including greater KCl-evoked increases in intracellular Ca 2+ and neurite outgrowth. However, under differentiation conditions, Ca V 1.3 overexpression disrupted the acquisition of neuronal features and coincided with increased intracellular oxidative stress. Notably, this effect was more pronounced for Ca V 1.3 than for the higher activation-threshold Ca V 1.2 channels. These findings highlight the dual role of L-type VGCCs in neuronal differentiation and oxidative stress regulation, demonstrating that their precise modulation is critical for proper neuronal development. Moreover, the shared molecular pathways between F11 cell differentiation and neurogenesis reinforce the translational value of this model for drug discovery efforts targeting oxidative stress-mediated neuronal dysfunction, such as in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain.
Study of half-metallic ferromagnet RhHfVGa for spintronic and thermoelectric applications
Green synthesis of Mohr’s salt–modified keratin composite for selective removal of arsenate from polluted water
Variance-calibrated cross-individual bootstrapping for small-sample neuroscience
Mechanism and control strategies for asymmetric floor heave in extra-thick coal seam roadways under high stress
Shielding of the total electric field above building platforms near UHVDC transmission lines by grounded metal mesh
The effects of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function and aerobic capacity in sedentary adolescents: A single-blind randomized controlled trial
Shared leadership relates to civil servants’ voice behavior via psychological capital and organizational identification
Sensitivity comparison of longitudinal cognitive function indicators of Alzheimer’s disease after mild cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study
Abstract Accurate prediction of progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critical for early intervention. Many existing models lack the ability to capture the nonlinear nature of cognitive decline and individual heterogeneity. This study employed a semi‑parametric joint model to analyze longitudinal cognitive trajectories and identify robust predictors of conversion. Data from 596 participants (184 AD converters, 412 stable MCI) were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Longitudinal assessments included ADAS‑Cog13, ADAS‑Cog11, CDR‑SB, FAQ, RAVLT‑IR, RAVLT‑L, and MMSE. A semi‑parametric joint model combining B‑splines for the longitudinal process with a Cox survival submodel was fitted for each cognitive measure. Model performance was evaluated using AIC, BIC, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), time‑dependent C‑index, dynamic AUC, and calibration curves. Subgroup analyses were conducted by APOE‑ε4 carrier status. In multivariable joint models, APOE‑ε4 carriage was a consistent risk factor (HR range: 1.38–1.77). Higher scores on ADAS‑Cog13 (HR = 3.71 per SD), ADAS‑Cog11 (HR = 2.71), CDR‑SB (HR = 3.79), and FAQ (HR = 2.85) increased the hazard of conversion, whereas higher scores on RAVLT‑IR (HR = 0.23), RAVLT‑L (HR = 0.14), and MMSE (HR = 0.53) were protective. All models showed high ICCs (0.94–0.98) and moderate‑to‑good predictive accuracy over 2, 5, and 8 year horizons (C‑index: 0.585–0.668). CDR‑SB and FAQ exhibited the strongest effect sizes and clearest dose‑dependent trajectories across APOE‑ε4 subgroups. Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed survival. The semi‑parametric joint model effectively captures nonlinear cognitive‑functional decline and provides validated predictions of AD risk. APOE‑ε4 genotype combined with longitudinal monitoring of CDR‑SB and FAQ offers a robust framework for stratifying progression risk in clinical MCI management.