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CHROMATOGRAPHIC STUDY AND BEHAVIOURAL STUDY OF KSHIRBALA TAILA
Kshirbala taila is a known Ayurvedic remedy for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Its basic physico-chemical evaluation profile is reported in Ayurvedic Pharamcopoiea of India. Detailed analysis was the objective of study. The formulation was prepared using Sida cordifolia roots, sesame oil and cow milk according to literature. The formulation was then subjected to various chemical investigations. Unsaponifiable matter was studied for preliminary phytochemical screening and chemoprofiling of expected phyto-constituents using chromatographic techniques. TLC confirmed presence of sesamin, b-sitosterol, lupeol and ephedrine presence. The pre and post treatment behavioral studies were also studied and reports revealed that pain induced stress symptoms are severe in untreated arthritic rats while treated rats show significantly less frequency of occurrence compared to negative control group.
HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTIMATION GALLIC ACID AND ELLAGIC ACID IN AN AYURVEDIC ANTIARTHRITIC FORMULATION SIMHNAD GUGGUL
Present study is a work on results of analytical method development for two important bioactive phyto-constituents of a well-known Ayurvedic formulation Simhnad guggul i.e. gallic acid and ellagic acid. TLC method was used for authentication of these constituents in formulation. Then HPLC methods were developed for quantification of gallic acid and ellagic acid in formulation. The optimized mobile phase for gallic acid was Acetonitrile: water (70:30) and 3% Glacial acetic acid and for ellagic acid it was Acetonitrile: water (80:20) and 1% Glacial acetic acid. The method was applied on market formulations and freshly prepared one. The results indicate that developed methods were found to be precise, sensitive, reliable and accurate.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CLARITHROMYCIN, TINIDAZOLE AND LANSOPRAZOLE IN FIXED DOSE COMBINATIONS
New RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Clarithromycin, tinidazole and lansoprazole in the fixed dose combination (PYLOKIT by CIPLA). RP-HPLC separation was carried out using Ultisil XB-CN column (250 x 4.6 mm) internal diameter and the packing material having 5µm size) using gradient mobile phase of Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: acetonitrile. 1 mL/min was the flow rate and UV detector at 210 nm wavelength was fixed for detection of the drug. The method validation was done as per ICH guideline and the parameters were included such as accuracy, precision specificity, linearity, and robustness were determined. Retention times for the clarithromycin, tinidazole and lansoprazole were 16.643, 5.493 and 12.940 minutes respectively. RP-HPLC method was a simple, reliable and acceptable and it confirmed that method is suitable for the intended use for routine quality control and assay of drugs. This method is successfully applied for the determination of commercial dosage form preparation. This method is validated as per ICH (International conference on harmonization) Guidelines.
STABILITY INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN HBr, PHENYLEPHRINE HCl AND CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE IN THEIR COMBINED SYRUP DOSAGE FORM BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
The present work describes a validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in syrup dosage form. The quantification was carried out using Phenomenex Luna 5µm C8(2)100Å;250×4.6mm (Part No.00G-4249-E0) column and mobile phase comprised of Buffer pH 3.2 and Acetonitrile with gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the eluent was monitored at 220 nm. The selected chromatographic conditions were found to effectively separate Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl and Chlorpheniramine Maleate were about 11.1 min, 3.7 min and 10.3 min respectively. Linearity were found to be in the range of 80-120 μg/ml, 40-60 μg/ml and 16-24 μg/ml for Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl and Chlorpheniramine Maleate respectively. The percentage recoveries of all the drugs were found to be 100.5-101.8%, 99.2-101.8% and 100.1-101.8% for Dextromethorphan HBr, Phenylephrine HCl and Chlorpheniramine Maleate. The proposed method was found to be fast, specific, accurate, precise, and reproducible and can be used for simultaneous estimation of these drugs in syrup formulation.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CHITOSAN MICROSPHERE OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE ON BASIS OF AMOUNT OF CROSS LINKING AGENT AND ON BASIS OF CROSS LINKING TIME FOR THE TREATMENT OF NOCTURNAL ASTHMA
The process that occur periodically in an organism in conjunction with and often in response to periodic changes in environmental condition Biological rhythm within a single day is termed as circadian rhythm. Chronobiology is the technical study of biologic rhythms and their fundamental mechanisms4. The term "Chrono" pertains to time and "Biology" is the science of life, thus, chronobiology concerns with the observation of every metabolic event goes through rhythmic changes in time that can be measured from seconds to seasons. Chronotherapeutics is the synchronization of medication levels in time with reference to need, taking into account biologic rhythms in the pathophysiology of medical conditions, and/or rhythm dependencies in patient tolerance for given chemical interventions. In this study design and characterize an oral, pulsatile drug delivery system of Salbutamol Sulphate intended to approximate the chronobiology of asthma, proposed for colonic targeting. It is a chronopharmaceutical approach for the better treatment of nocturnal asthma. The ultimate aim of this proposal is to design a new Chronotherapeutics system for salbutamol sulphate with high potential benefits in treating nocturnal asthma. Based on the concept that at the pH of colon various polymers release the drug due to their solubility at specified pH, a pH dependent pulsatile drug delivery system was designed.
CHYAWANPRASH: A TRADITIONAL INDIAN BIOACTIVE HERBAL MEDICINAL FORMULATION TO BOOST IMMUNITY AND RESTORE YOUTHFULNESS
Chyawanprash is an Ayurvedic dietary health supplement used for boosting immunity and help in making a person feel young. Chyawanprash is one of the anti-ageing supplements, which is purely herbal in nature. It has Amla as its main ingredient, which is a powerful antioxidant. Master Charaka is the first to mention this herbal medicine. Ayurveda recommends the use of herbal supplements to help the increase immunity, restore drained reserves of life force and to preserve strength, stamina, and vitality, while stalling the course of aging. There are many benefits of chyawanprash. It is useful in cough and cold. It helps in the rejuvenation of the aged and also in proper nourishment of young ones. It is effectively used in the treatments of throat infections. Chyawanprash is formulated by processing around 50 medicinal herbs, minerals sugar, honey, ghee, Indian gooseberry jam, sesame oil, berries and spices. Chyawanprash market has seen a sharp rise of 30 to 40 percent in the period of rising cases of coronavirus. This article focused on immunity boosting herbal medicine in COVID-19 pandemic.
IMPORTANCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBS AS AN IMMUNITY BOOSTER FOR PANDEMIC COVID-19
The whole world facing COVID-19 pandemic, so there has been a lot of interest in ways to boosting our immune system, and thus build a first line of defence against the deadly virus. Since ancient times, medicinal plants, herbs and spices were well known for their medicinal properties. Therefore, the medicinal plants and herbs playing a critical role to boosting our immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic. it is also very important to consume supplements in the form of immune nutrients such as vitamin A, C, E, D, B-complex, Zinc and copper that will support your body to fight against the pathogens. This paper presents an analysis of popular immune-boosting medicinal plants and herbs.
STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS OF ZIDOVUDINE AND LAMIVUDINE FROM THEIR COMBINATION DRUG PRODUCT
A simple and precise chromatographic stability indicating reverse phased HPLC method for estimation zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (LMV) from their combination product has been developed and validated using different validation parameters. In the developed RP HPLC method, YMC, Pack ODS A, (250 mm X 4.6 mm), 5 μm column is used. The mobile phase consisting of Acetate Buffer pH 4.0 and methanol in the proportion of 80:20 (v/v). The detection was done using photodiode array detector at 270 nm. The combination drug product of ZDV and LMV was exposed to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic, and oxidative stress conditions, and the stressed samples were analysed by the designed method. The data of peak homogeneity in stressed sample chromatograms of ZDV and LMV peaks, illustrated the specificity of the method for their estimation in presence of degradants. The described method was linear over a range of 0.025 ppm to 0.75 ppm for Zidovudine and 0.05 ppmto 1.50 ppm for lamivudine. The mean recoveries were 101.24and 97.63% for Zidovudine and Lamivudine, respectively.
HERD IMMUNITY AND COVID-19 VACCINES: AN OVERVIEW
COVID-19 is a very contagious disease. Vaccines are essential tool to protect from COVID-19 virus Therefore; a vaccine will make a critical addition to immunity system against COVID-19. The World Health Organization estimates that 65 to 70 percent of a given population must be vaccinated to halt the spread of COVID-19 virus. Natural immunity occurs when people become immune to a specific disease after contracting it so immune system makes the antibodies against the germ causing the infection. However, herd immunity occurs when a sufficient percentage of a population is immune to an infectious disease through vaccination or prior illness that it stops the spreading of disease. Currently, social distancing, wearing mask and frequent hand washing are tools that help to prevent the spreading of COVID-19 virus. Here, we review the available COVID-19 vaccines, herd immunity and vaccination towards the safe immunization of the world’s population against COVID-19 virus.
FREE DRUG DISTRIBUTION IN RAJASTHAN
Rajasthan Mukhyamantri Nishulk Dava Yojana was launched on 2nd October 2011, by the Chief Minister of Rajasthan Shri Ashok Gehlot. Formally called the Mukhyamantri Nishulk Dava Yojana (MNDY), the Chief Minister’s Free Medicine Scheme, this Scheme provides quality, generic drugs at no expense to all and helps to ease the significant out of pocket expenditures on health care that the current national health system demands. The Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation (RMSC) was created and given the responsibility for centralized purchasing, quality control and providing medicines to all health facilities in the state. The Rajasthan government ensured that people get free medicines for 104 serious diseases. In this review, we have seen how free drug distribution is done in Rajasthan and how it is handled and how this system is going to be done in the future.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF 4, 6-DIPHENYL-3, 4- DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE-2-(1H)-ONE DERIVATIVES
In the present work was designed to synthesize and evaluate the antifungal activity of 4, 6-diphenyl-3, 4- dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-one derivatives. The 3, 4- dihydropyrimidin 2 (1H)-one was used as nucleus for the synthesis of N-mannich bases of pyrimidine derivatives. All synthesized intermediates and products were identified on the basis of melting point range, Rf value, Elemental analysis, and IR spectral analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans (MTCC 227) and Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282) in Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium using fluconazole as a standard drug.
TARGETING NOVEL APPROACH OF CORONAVIRUS -2019: BROAD VIEW IN PREDICTION OF POSSIBLE POTENTIAL DRUGS ETIOLOGY, INFLAMMATION INDICATORS OF SARS-COV-2
Currently the world is facing the pandemic crisis due to COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2).since the mutation of the spike protein in this virus occurs frequently; the pharmacy as well as biotech sector is facing lot of issues in the invention of its treatment. This study works on the finding of potential drug through broad view in the broad spectrum antiviral agents as well as in the various virus groups preferably those causing respiratory and gastric ailments.
ANTIMICROBIAL ASSAY AND 4, 6 - DIPHENYL- 3, 4-DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE-2(H)-ONE
Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring. It is isomeric with two other forms of diazine. The pyrimidine skeleton is of great importance to chemists as well as biologists as it is available in a large variety of naturally occurring compounds and in clinically useful molecule having diverse biological activities. Two general method are usually employed, the cylinder-plate (or cup-plate) method and the turbidimetric (or tube assay) method. The antifungal activity performed by either in vitro or in vivo methood.
CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19): A REVIEW OF CLINICAL MANAGEMENT, DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a novel enveloped RNA betacoronavirus that is diversely found in humans and wildlife. A total of six species have been identified to cause disease in humans. They are known to infect the neurological, respiratory, enteric, and hepatic systems. The presence of this virus in host cells will initiate various protective responses leading to pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. This review aimed to provide an overview related to this Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, management and future perspective. The most recent outbreak initially presented as pneumonia of unknown etiology in a cluster of patients in Wuhan, China. We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase and Scopus databases for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. In particular, we focus on public health impact, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations, diagnosis, case management, emergency response and preparedness. It will also provide a means to raise awareness among primary and secondary healthcare providers during the current pandemic. Furthermore, our review focuses on the most up-to-date clinical information for the effective management, prevention, and counseling of patients worldwide.
THERAPEUTICALLY EFFECTS OF VARIOUS PLANT EXTRACT ON DIABETES MELLITUS
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming one of the leading causes of death worldwide because of its adverse complications that include cardiovascular related diseases and chronic kidney disease. DM is considered a menace to public health due to the unavailability of adequate drugs to manage this condition, especially in poor developing countries such as those in the African continent. Proper management and treatment of this is lacking, which possibly explains escalating percentages of morbidity and mortality associated with it. In Africa, as a result of poor socio-economic conditions, it is nearly impossible to properly monitor and manage DM. Globally, the commercially available drugs used in diabetes treatment regimens have been associated with drastic side effects and are also mostly unaffordable in some developing countries (particularly in Africa), hence the need to investigate cheap and readily available medicinal plants. It is important to thoroughly investigate the activities of medicinal plants in animal models to identify both their therapeutic and toxic effects. This review paper examines the potential anti-diabetic benefits of some selected plants.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF PROBIOTICS AND THEIR USES FOR CONTROL OF VIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE WAKE OF PANDEMIC COVID-19
In this review, an attempt is made to comprehensively study the effectiveness of probiotics for the prevention and/or treatment of viral infectious diseases, which may be useful to combat the new corona virus. This review will provide an overview of the unique mechanism by which viruses are eliminated through the stimulation of type 1 interferon production by probiotics via the activation of dendritic cells. Till today, there are no specific vaccines or treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials which are evaluating potential agents for treatment. Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus named as SARS Corona virus-2. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 clearly indicate the sensitivity of SARS CoV-2 to IFN. Reports on treatment of COVID-19 patients with IFN shows positive results. Considering the proven antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of probiotics and ability to stimulate interferon production, it is recommended to use probiotics as the adjunctive therapy for the prophylaxis of COVID-19. The ongoing pandemic has upturned the whole world socially and economically. Although further detailed research is necessary in the future, probiotics are expected to be among the rational adjunctive options for the treatment of Corona viral diseases.
Ziziphus mauritiana L.: An overview
The genus Ziziphus belongs to the family Rhamnaceae. The species is believed to have originated in Indo-Malaysian region of South-East Asia. Ziziphus mauritiana is a much-branched, evergreen but rather thorny tree with a spreading crown. Ziziphus mauritiana (“Ber”) is a tropical fruit. it is also known as Indian jujube, Indian plum, Chinese date, Chinee apple, and dunks. Ziziphus mauritiana (“Ber”) is a useful fruit in India. The Large numbers of plants screened for their expected pharmacological value. The Ziziphus mauritiana has been of high medicinal value. The seeds used to cure eye diseases, leukorrhea, relieve thirst, an astringent tonic for heart and brain and have a sedative and hypnotic effect, useful in physical weakness, pain, insomnia and rheumatic symptoms. The roots used for the treatment of coughs and headaches whilst the bark has been used on boils, and for dysentery. The leaves are antipyretic and used topromote the growth of hair. The dried fruits contain saponins, triterpenoids and alkaloids. The fruit has been used to help digestion treatment of tuberculosis. They are anodyne, anticancer, antidote, expectorant, pectoral, refrigerant, sedative, stomachic, styptic and tonic.
A REVIEW OF THE PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF URSOLIC ACID
Plants are known to produce a variety of bioactive metabolites which are being used to cure various life threatening and chronic diseases. The molecular mechanism of action of such bioactive molecules may open up new avenues for the scientific community to develop or improve novel therapeutic approaches to tackle dreadful diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders etc. Ursolic acid (UA) is one among the categories of such plant-based therapeutic metabolites having multiple intracellular and extracellular targets that play role in apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis and inflammatory processes. Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid widely found in herbs, leaves, flowers and fruits. Moreover, the synthetic derivatives of UA have also been seen to be involved in a range of pharmacological applications, the great interest in this bioactive compound is related to the beneficial effects in human health due to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, chemopreventive, cardioprotective, antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic activities, and others. UA may augment the resistance of the skin barrier to irritants, prevent dry skin and could be suitable to develop antiaging products. Evidences suggest that UA could be used as a potential candidate to develop a comprehensive competent strategy towards the treatment and prevention of health disorders. The review article herein describes the possible therapeutic effects of UA along with putative mechanism of action.
A REVIEW : MEDICINAL PLANTS AND HERBS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes this is metabolic disorders that affects the blood sugar and insulin levels over a prolonged period in the body. Diabetes is one of the world’s most widespread diseases. A plenty of medical plants and herbs are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus as traditional medicines. The medicinal plants and herbs not having any side effects and many existing medicines are derived from these medicinal plants and herbs. The most frequently mentioned medicinal plants and herbs are Panax quinquefolium, Coccinia indica, Azadirachta indica, Laurus nobilis ,Trigonella foenum-graecum, Berberine, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia chebula, Ficus racemosa, Momordica charantia, Quassia amara, Swietenia mahagoni, Cinnamon etc. The purpose of this systematic review to summarizes diabetes preventing traditional medicinal plants and herbs.
BETULINIC ACID: A REVIEW ON POTENT ANTI-CANCER AGENT
Betulinic acid is the pentacyclic triterpenoid, which occurred naturally and exhibit potent anticancer activity. It gets lot of attention due to its different biological and medicinal properties. It has capability to induce apoptotic cell expiry in malignant cells by activating mitochondrial track of apoptosis. Betulinic acid target towards mitochondria hence, hold the novel position in management of public malignancies.