Browse Articles
Discover research articles across all indexed journals
Herbal Drugs in the Treatment of Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by scaling with inflammation, resulting in regions of thick, red skin covered in silvery scales. It can be itchy or painful. Systemic treatment, topical therapy, and phototherapy are used to treat psoriasis, but they have negative and potentially fatal side effects. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to acquire other conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, anxiety and depression, cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and Crohn's disease. Psoriasis is estimated to be around 2-3% of the general population. In Europe, the prevalence ranges from 0.1% to 3.2%, depending on the country. In Asia, the prevalence is generally lower, with estimates ranging from 0.1% to 1.5%. The study aims to highlight these plants, herbal formulations, and associated therapies to develop safer and more effective treatments for psoriasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on herbal products used topically for psoriasis treatment, including their mechanisms of action such as inhibition of keratinocyte hyperproliferation, immune-inflammatory reaction. It also discusses the penetration of herbal products through the psoriatic skin barrier, novel drug delivery systems, and possible adverse effects of herbal therapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the background of EP, assess the available clinical data on the efficacy of targeted therapies, and aim to provide a foundation for clinical decision making for this rare form of psoriasis.
Cardioprotective Effect of Traditional Medicine :A Review
Plants have played an important role in meeting the nutritional and other various needs of humans. As humans advanced in medicine, plants became essential to people's health and well-being. The development of technology has pushed people to make greater progress in a short time, causing many heart diseases due to rapid progress, and the use of many drugs has improved and cured the heart. In order to save and protect people's heart health from the effects of drugs, people have returned to nature and used many bioactive substances found in plants to protect the heart, such as antioxidants, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, ellagic acid, terpenes, carbohydrates. . It has been shown to improve heart protection and thus reduce the risk of heart disease. The purpose of this review article is to provide people with information and education about naturally occurring drugs and include them in their daily diets to improve heart health and eliminate problems caused by synthetic chemicals.
Floating Drug Delivery System- A Review
Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) helps to improve the buoyancy property of the drug over the gastric fluids and hence maintain the longer duration of action. It is helpful in minimizing the dosing frequency. The density of dosage form must be less than the density of gastric contents (1.004 gm/ml) in FDDS. It may effervescent or non-effervescent system. The drugs having narrow absorption window in GIT is good candidate for the floating drug delivery system. The main objective of writing this review article is to compile the recent literature with special focus on classification, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail.
Blood Report Analysis-A Review
To determine your general health status; to screen for, diagnose, or monitor any one of a variety of diseases and conditions that affect blood cells, such as anemia, infection, inflammation, bleeding disorder or cancer. The complete blood count (CBC) is a group of tests that evaluate the cells that circulate in blood, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets (PLTs). The CBC can evaluate your overall health and detect a variety of diseases and conditions, such as infections, anemia and leukemia. Blood cells are produced and mature primarily in the bone marrow and, under normal circumstances, are released into the bloodstream as needed.
In-Vitro Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Saponaria Officinalis for Antiurolithiatic Activity
The goal of the current study was to assess Saponaria officinalis ethanol extracts' in-vitro anti-urolithiatic effectiveness as a potential natural therapy to combat adverse effects brought on by the use of contemporary synthetic medications. S. officinalis extracted with ethanol was put to the test for its ability to treat urolithiasis utilizing in vitro studies (nucleation, aggregation assays). This extract was evaluated and contrasted with the reference medication cystone at increasing concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000μg/ml. The extract's ability to suppress the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in preformed forms was evaluated. The results of the S. officinalis extract on the nucleation assay were significant and showed considerable inhibition 64.2%±0.5 compared to standard cystone drug 67.7%±0.8 at 1000μg/ml concentration. Additionally, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis showed significant inhibition in the aggregation assay with a difference of 74.2%±0.08 compared to cystone 76.7%±0.09 at 1000μg/ml concentration. At a dose level of 1000μg/ml, the ethanol extract of S. officinalis possesses anti-urolithiatic potentials in vitro. It is possible to further exploit the ethanol extract of S. officinalis as a potential anti-urolithiasis medication.
SYNTHESIS, DOCKING AND EVALUATION OF PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS ANTI-MALARIAL AGENTS
Malaria is endmic disease of tropical and subtropical contries like India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Bangladesh, South Africa etc. There are lot of fatalities and causalities due to malaria every year. There are lot of drugs have been synthesized for controlling this intermittent fever like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, pamaquine, primaquine, artimisininine, sulphadoxine, pyrimethamine, dapsone. The pyrimidine derivative synthetic drugs like sulphadoxine and pyramethamine have potential role to treat malaria with fever side effects. The lead molecule is pyrimdine and various groups are attached to this nucleus for optimizing the activity of lead nucleus and its derivative to treat this dangerous disease. The main causative organisms are plasmodium falciparm, plasmodium vivex, plasmodium malariae and ovale that cause malaria in patient and transmitted in blood after bitting of female anopheles mosquito that act as vector for plasmodium species. The docking studies are also performed by software and proper lead compound is identified with docking studies. The synthesis of compounds were carried out in laboratories with microwave synthesis and newer techniques that are fast and less time consuming of better yield of products. Structure activities relationships are studied and optimum activities are obtained by replacing different functional groups and other groups.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Anticancer Study of Acridine derivatives
Cancer is one of the global problem and a major cause for mortality. many treatment strategies are available for cancer treatment, still there is a scope for novel treatment to avoid serious side effects of existing therapy. Novel DNA binding agents are needed for effective treatment of cancers. In the field of antitumor DNA-intercalating agents, 9-aminoacridines play an important role due to their antiproliferative properties. Several cancer chemotherapeutics such as amsacrine and nitracrine have been developed as anticancer agents.In present study, a series of new acridine-based derivatives numbered 3a–3j were synthesized and their anticancer activity against A549 (Human, small cell Lung Carcinoma) cell line was evaluated by MTT Assay. Out of the screened compounds, compound 3b exhibited potent anticancer activity with IC50 78.04 µg/ml for lung cancer cell (A-549) line.Further in vivo study of newly synthesized acridine derivative can explore a ray of light in the field of anticancer drugs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Paracetamol Tablet to Assess Binding Property of Limonia acidissima Pectin
Plants acts as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids and excipients.Limonia acidissima is nutritious, easily available, cheap but underutilized fruit. The aim of present research is to isolate the pectin from dried fruit pulp of Limonia acidissima and to assess its binding property. Pectin was extracted by boiling dried fruit pulp powder with water for 7 hrs at pH 3.2 adjusted with citric acid and using ethanol as precipitating agent. Binding property of pectin was assessed using paracetamol as a model drug. Paracetamol granules were prepared by wet granulationmethod. Granules were prepared using starch as disintegrant, calcium carbonate as filler, talc as glidant, Magnesiumstearate as lubricant and varying concentration of pectin as binder and were compressed into respective tablets.A reference batch of starch as binder was prepared to carry out the comparative study and to assess the binding property of pectin. Total four batches of formulation were prepared using different concentrations of pectin. For each formulation pre compression and post compression studies were performed and compared to range asper pharmacopoeias. Tablets were evaluated based on Weight uniformity, Tablet Hardness, Friability, Disintegration and In vitro drug release. The results obtained for all pre-compression and post compression parameters were found within acceptable range of pharmacopoeias. Limonia acidissima pectin can act as excellent binder in dosage forms. In vitro dissolution studies were revealed that batch F3 showed 99.64 % of drug release. In pharmaceutical dosage form like tablet, Limonia acidissima pectin acts as an excellent binder since it is of natural origin and Limonia acidissima fruits were available easily at very low costand proved to be better alternative for synthetic binder.
In-Vitro Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Ethanol Extract of Saponaria Officinalis
For the treatment and prevention of illnesses and disorders, medicinal plants are recognized to contain conventional therapeutic substances. This study examined the potential of ethanol extracts of Saponaria officinalis to block H+/K+ ATPase and neutralize acids in order to determine whether they may be utilized to cure ulcers. In traditional medicine, the Saponaria officinalis is used to treat gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation. The acidity of the extract at a 1500 mg/ml concentration was much lower than that of conventional aluminium hydroxide + magnesium hydroxide (500mg), falling to 5.33 from 12.7. The ethanol extract of Saponaria officinalis at a concentration of 100μg, showed maximum percentage of inhibition of 67.17±1.96% as compared to omeprazole 71.47±0.52%, demonstrated the highest percentage of inhibition of the H+/K+ - ATPase. The results of this study suggest that Saponaria officinalis ethanol extract contains substances that can block enzymes and neutralize acids, making it a potential alternative treatment for digestive issues.
Pharmacokinetic and Bio-Distribution Study of Purified Fractions of Celery Extract in Rats
Introduction: The ethnic people cultures and traditions anywhere in the globe, ritual, legends, myths, folksongs, and medicinal practices. Aim of the study: The main aim of the study is pharmacokinetic and bio-distribution study of purified fractions of celery extract in rats. Material and method: The dosages of TA (Aq) and TA (Ethanol) that were used for the research were 2000 mg/kg at step 2 and repeat of 2000 mg/kg at step 2. Each day's dose of test material was formulated just before administration. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be a useful lead for further investigation on SE, to evaluate the efficacy in management of Diabetes mellitus and its complications.
AEGLE MARMELOS MUCILAGE PROPERTIES AS A BINDER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in natural binders for various applications, ranging from pharmaceuticals to food and industrial processes. Agle Marmalosa, commonly known as Indian Bael Family: Rutaceae (Lemon family)has gained attention due to its unique mucilage properties, making it a promising candidate as a natural binder. This review article aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the mucilage properties of Aegle marmelosand its potential applications as a binder in different fields. The article discusses the extraction methods, chemical composition, rheological behavior, and binding capabilities of Aegle marmelosmucilage. Additionally, the challenges and opportunities associated with its utilization as a binder are addressed, along with a comparison to other natural binders available in the market.
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF STANDARDIZED BOVIN COLOSTRUM DERIVATIVES IN DIABETIC RATS
Diabetic wound healing remains a significant clinical challenge due to impaired cellular and molecular processes inherent in diabetes. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effect of Standardized Bovine Colostrum Derivatives (SBCD) on cutaneous wound healing in a diabetic rat model. The research aims to address the limited therapeutic options available for diabetic wound management and to explore the potential of SBCD as an innovative approach. A comprehensive literature review establishes the context of the study, highlighting the complexities of diabetic wound healing and the need for novel interventions. The wound healing process involves intricate interactions between growth factors, cytokines, and cellular activities, which are disrupted in diabetic conditions. Existing treatments often fall short in achieving desired outcomes. The methodology employed a well-designed experimental protocol involving diabetic rats divided into SBCD-treated and control groups. Wounds were created under controlled conditions, and SBCD was administered to the treatment group. The progression of wound healing was monitored through wound size measurements and histological analysis. Statistical techniques were employed to evaluate the significance of differences observed. The results indicate that SBCD administration positively influences wound healing in diabetic rats. Comparative analysis of wound size reduction between the treatment and control groups demonstrates promising outcomes. Histological examination further elucidates the cellular changes associated with SBCD treatment, emphasizing its potential in addressing diabetic wound healing challenges. The discussion interprets these findings within the context of existing literature, proposing potential mechanisms through which SBCD may accelerate wound healing. The implications of this research extend to clinical practice, where innovative treatments are urgently needed to mitigate the burden of diabetic wound complications. While the study presents valuable insights, it acknowledges limitations and suggests avenues for further investigation. In conclusion, this research contributes to the understanding of diabetic wound healing and introduces Standardized Bovine Colostrum Derivatives as a potential therapeutic option. By bridging the gap between existing knowledge and innovative treatment strategies, this study lays the foundation for future research and clinical applications, ultimately offering renewed hope for effective diabetic wound management.
AN OVERVIEW ON BOVINE COLOSTRUMS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN DIABETIC WOUNDS MANAGEMENT
Diabetic wounds are a significant concern within healthcare systems globally, posing a considerable burden on individuals living with diabetes. These wounds are chronic in nature and occur as a result of diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia. Managing diabetic wounds is complex and challenging, often leading to severe complications if not properly addressed. Bovine colostrum is the first milk produced by cows during the initial days after giving birth. It is a nutrient-rich fluid that provides essential nourishment and immune protection to newborn calves. Bovine colostrum is characterized by its high content of bioactive compounds that contribute to its beneficial properties. It contains various immunoglobulins, including immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM), which are crucial for immune defense against pathogens. Additionally, bovine colostrum contains growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which play important roles in tissue development and repair.Bovine colostrum has shown potential in promoting wound healing and immune system activation. Its bioactive components, including immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and lactoferrin, contribute to these beneficial effects. The supplementation of bovine colostrum has demonstrated positive outcomes in various clinical conditions associated with impaired wound healing and compromised immune function. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms and optimal application of bovine colostrum in promoting wound healing and immune system activationThis article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of diabetic wounds, highlighting their challenges and discussing the latest advancements in their management.
STUDY ON THE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF APIUM GRAVEOLEN L. SEEDS
Introduction:The world is blessed with an abundance of healing herbs. Since ancient times, India has relied primarily on herbal remedies to treat illness, and this practise is gaining popularity across the developed world as people seek ways to maintain their health in the face of increasing exposure to environmental hazards like pollution and stress. Aim of the study: the main aim of the study is Study on The Phytochemical Analysis Of Apium Graveolen L. Seeds Material and method: There are four parts to the study. Phase 1 involves testing the hypoglycemic effects of extracts in type 1 and type 2 diabetes animals. In phase 3, researchers investigate how exactly the medicine is working to prevent diabetes complications. In Phase 4 of the study, the extract is analysed for its phytochemical composition using a battery of established assays and procedures. Conclusion:Results from the study demonstrate the anti-diabetic impact of Apium graveolans L. seed extracts on diabetic animal models.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF TETRAHYDROCURCUMIN
The main objective is to develop and validate the UV-spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Tetrahydrocurcumin as per ICH guidelines. Materials and Methods: A simple, rapid, accurate, and economical UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for the estimation of tetrahydrocurcumin. Results: Theλ max of tetrahydrocurcumin was found to be 280nm. The drug follows linearity in the concentration range 2-12 µg mL-1 with a correlation coefficient value of 0.9975. The accuracy of the method was checked by recovery experiment performed at three different levels, i.e., 50%,100% and 120%. The % recovery was found to be in the ranged between 97.81-101.39 with < 1 %RSD, thereby indicating the low variability and a strong agreement between experimental and true values. Ruggedness of the proposed method was studied with the help of two analysts. Conclusion: The above method was a rapid tool for routine analysis of tetrahydrocurcumin.
NUTRACEUTICALS : A NEW ERA OF MEDICATION
Abstract:- One of the most important healthcare challenges in the world today is neurological disorders.Nutraceuticals are substances derived from food that are thought to be good for human health. It is crucial for controlling brain physiology, preventing neurodegeneration, and maintaining cognitive function. Given how commonly used they are for enhancing health status, nutraceuticals have recently attracted the attention of numerous scientists. especially for the avoidance or minimization of side effects in the prevention and treatment of various neurological diseases or disorders.A number of studies on functional foods have been started recently in an effort to develop foods with higher therapeutic activity and fewer adverse effects. As a result, terminology like "pharmafoods," "medifoods," "vitafoods," and "medicinal foods" have influenced the definition of the phrase "functional foods." With a focus on clinical studies, the current study aimed to assemble all popular (major) nutraceuticals used to treat various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Nutraceuticals have been suggested as a preventative treatment for neurological treatments as a result of a relationship between dietary habits and lifestyle and neurodegeneration. Nutraceuticals have exhibited a variety of neuroprotective qualities, including the ability to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, intracellular calcium excess, and mitochondrial dysfunction, acting at several biochemical and metabolic levels. These food-based methods are thought to target several pathways in a slow, more physiological way without having a significant negative impact.The most prevalent neurological movement condition in the world, Parkinson's disease (PD), is currently treated with pharmacological methods that are mostly symptomatic and frequently have unfavourable side effects.Nutraceuticals are substances obtained from whole-food sources that have therapeutic value. Their development has made it possible to use alternative methods to treat neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease. We will look at some of the significant efforts made to better understand the role of nutraceuticals in PD in this study. This study will help regular people choose better nutritional supplements, combined with traditional neuroprotective medications and altered lifestyle habits, to battle various NDDs.
FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF COLON TARGETED BEADS FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG
Mesalamine is an anti-inflammatory drug used in treatment of Crohn’sdisease and ulcerative-colitis. Since Mesalamine islargely absorbed from the upper intestine, selective delivery of drugs into the colon may be regarded as a better method of drug delivery with fewer side effects and a higher efficacy.An objective of the present investigation is to prepare and evaluate Mesalamine microbeads for colon targeting. These microbeads were prepared by Ionotropic gelation method using physical mixtures of gellan gum locust bean gum and sodium alginate in ratio 1:3:2, 1:1:2 and 3:1:2. Eudragitcoated Mesalamine microspheres were evaluated for surface morphology, particle size analysis, percentage drug entrapment, percentage yield and in vitro drug, in-vivo drug release and stability studies. Drug release studies carried out in SGF (pH 1.2) for 2hrs, SIF (pH 6.5) for 5 hrs, SCF (pH 7.4) for 24hrs. The cumulative percent drug release after 24 hrs was found to 96.73%; 89.76%; 86.12% and 82.12%, 74.79%, 68.24% for F-1, F-2, F-3 of uncoated and CF1, CF2, CF3 of coated formulation respectively. By comparing the in vitro release pattern of all coated and uncoated formulations, it was found that the drug release from coated formulations was prolonged than uncoated beads. The drug release may be mainly controlled by drug diffusion through the natural gums matrix. The in vivo release performance of the developed colon specific formulation was carried out by gamma scintigraphy.The scintigraphy of the optimized formulation CF3 (92 ± 0.8% Radio labeling efficiency) was performed using rabbits (animal model) in order to establish its colon targeting potential. Scintigram shows the residence of beads in colon more than 12 hrs. These results showed that Eudragit S-100 coated beads formulation may be useful for targeting mesalamine to the colon. Stability studies indicated that the optimized formulation does not show any significant change with respect to shape, color, surface and in vitro drug release.It is concluded from the present investigation that Mesalamine microspheres are promising controlled release carriers for colon-targeted drug delivery.
ESTIMATION OF TOTAL ALKALOID, POLYPHENOL, FLAVONOID CONTENTS, AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SAGA - SAGA SEEDS
The research work aims to estimate the Total Alkaloid content, Total flavonoid content, and Total polyphenol content of the methanol crude extract (CMME) of the Abrus precatorius seeds and to determine the Antioxidant power of the methanol crude extract CMME and its isolated compounds CMME I, CMME II, and CMME III. The methanol crude extract was prepared from the dried powdered Abrus precatorius seeds by the maceration method for 7 days. The compounds from the crude extract CMME were isolated by column chromatography using silica gel 60-120 mesh as the adsorbent. The isolated compounds are further purified by Thin Layer Chromatography. The total alkaloid content of CMME was found to be 88 mg Atropine equivalent per gram of dried crude extract. The total flavonoid content of the crude extract CMME was found to be 415 mg Quercetin equivalent per gram of dried crude extract. The total phenol content of the crude extract CMME was found to be 239 mg Gallic acid equivalent per gram of dried crude extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by FRAP assay and ABTS assay. The isolated compound CMME II has more Ferric reducing antioxidant power compared to the CMME, CMME I, CMME III, and the standard Ascorbic acid. The isolated compound CMME II and CMME III have more ABTS radical scavenging activity compared to the CMME and CMME I. The isolated compounds CMME II and CMME III have IC50 values of 15mcg/ml and 11mcg/ml correspondingly.
IN-VITRO ANTI TUMOUR AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS SEEDS
Abrus precatorius seeds are generally called Crab's eye seeds. The research work aims to determine the In-vitro Anticancer and the Brine shrimp lethality assay for the methanolic crude extract CMME and its isolated compounds CMME I, CMME II, and CMME III. The methanolic crude extract was prepared by the maceration method for 7 days. The compounds from the crude extract were isolated by column chromatography using silica gel 60-120 mesh as the adsorbent. The isolated compounds are further purified by Thin Layer Chromatography. The In-vitro anticancer activity of CMME and its isolated compounds are determined against the skin cancer B16F10 cell line by the MTT assay method using 5fluoro uracil as the standard drug. The isolated compound CMME I shows more % inhibition against the skin cancer B16F10 cell line compared to CMME, CMME II, CMME III, and the standard. It has an IC50 value of 40µg/ml. The In- Vitro Antitumor activity was determined for the crude extract CMME and its isolated compounds against the Lung cancer cell line A549 by MTT assay method using 5fluoro uracil as the standard. The crude extract CMME and the isolated compound CMME III showed more % of inhibition against the Lung cancer A549 cell line compared to CMME I, CMME II, and the standard 5fluoro uracil. The crude extract CMME and the isolated compound CMME III have the IC50 value of 17µg/ml and 23µg/ml respectively. A brine shrimp lethality assay was done for the crude extracts and their isolated compounds. The crude extract CMME has more cytotoxicity against the Brine shrimp compared to CMME I, CMME II, and CMME III. The crude extract CMME has an IC50 value of 106µg/ml.
A REVIEW ON ACRIDINE, XANTHENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES: SYNTHESIS, PHYSICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Acridine derivatives are one of the oldest category of bioactive, globally used as anticancer, antiprotozoal agents and antibacterial. The class of acridine derivatives constitutes an interesting group of nitrogen-containing tricyclic compounds that caught the scientific group’s attention, mainly due to its wide range of pharmaceutical properties. The synthesis of new polycyclic acridine skeletons fused with a five or six-membered rings, have been extensively studied because they play important roles in some DNA-intercalating anticancer drugs. Benzoacridine derivatives have been recently synthesized by a number of methods via one-pot multi-component condensation reactions of dimedone, naphthylamines, and aldehydes in different conditions, for example, using triethylbenzylammonium chloride/H2O, ionic liquid, under microwave irradiation, or ultrasound irradiation. A xanthene is found to most multifaceted heterocyclic ring having as it is having variety of activity and utilization. Xanthine derivatives are medications used to treat bronchospasm caused by lung conditions such as asthma. Xanthenes dyes shows antiviral activity, anti-tubercular, anticancer, anti-microbial, malonate derivatives was having anti-spasmodic activity. Benzoxanthenes are tetracyclic dibenzopyrans with diverse biological and therapeutic properties such as antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, pesticidal activities, and antimalarial.