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In Light of the LANDI-SEP Trial: New Evidence or Double Jeopardy?

Risk Factors for Mortality after Out-of-hospital Resuscitation are More Diverse than Assumed

Epidemiology of Neurotrauma in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Experience of 10 Years

Pediatric Neurotrauma: Closing the Gaps

Author Response: Insights into Immunomodulatory Therapy for Sepsis

Enhanced Surgical Recovery Nursing Program: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Optimize Postoperative Patient Recovery

Continuous Infusion of Propofol or Dexmedetomidine should not be the First Choice to Prevent Postoperative Delirium after Hip Fracture

ARDS Ventilation, The Man Behind the Evolution

Intravenous Fluid Prescription in Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Where is the Evidence?

Critical Insights into Novel Immunomodulatory Therapy for Sepsis: Evaluating Promise Amidst Limitations

NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA IN MANAGEMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana (EELAW) using Elevated Plus Maze in mice model. Neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer’s disease was assessed in mice by using Elevated Plus Maze. The present study was undertaken to establish the potential of EELAW as a memory enhancer. The elevated plus maze was employed to evaluate learning and memory parameters. Two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg, po.) of EELAW were administered for 8 successive days to mice. The 200 mg/kg dose of EELAW has significantly improved learning and memory in mice and also reversed the amnesia induced by diazepam (1 mg/kg ip) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg, ip). It is observed that scopolamine-induced amnesia was reversed, i.e. an enhancement/ improvement in memory was observed may be due to the facilitation of cholinergic transmission in the brain. Hence EELAW might prove to be a useful memory restorative agent in the treatment of dementia conditions seen in elderly persons. The underlying mechanism of action can be attributed to its antioxidant properties of the phytoconstituents present in the extract.

ACECLOFENAC AND DICLOFENAC: A REVIEW ON LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES

The literature entitles the various analytical techniques like, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry. In this literature we reviewed the various analytical, stability studies, impurity profiling and bio-analytical methods used for the estimation of selected drugs. This review gives the concise and collective information about the analytical validative parameters like Limit of detection (LOD), Limit of Quantification (LOQ), Standard Curve, Accuracy & Precision for the analysis of Aceclofenac and diclofenac alone or combination with other drugs. This review helps to carry out further analytical and Bioanalytical studies on the mentioned drugs.

Review on -Draceana Trifasciata

Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. (Asparagaceae) is a perennial herb widely known as mother-in-law's tongue that is grown as a decorative plant in homes and parks. Native to tropical West Africa, In many different regions, the leaves and rhizomes are traditionally used as an analgesic and antipyretic, as well as against acne, fungal infections, skin itches, allergies, ulcers, helminths, earaches, pharyngitis, and urinary illnesses. This review provides a thorough description of this multifaceted herb's botany, traditional use, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.

Development and Validation of Bioanalytical Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-Hypertensive Drugs by Using HPLC

The chromatographic separation was achieved by using eclipse plus C8 (250mm x 4.6mm, 5μm) column by applying isocratic elution using the mobile phase Ⅰ consist of (methanol + acetonitrile 60:40 v/v) and mobile phase Ⅱ consist of (water with 0.01% of diethyl amine) in the ratio 80: 20 (v/v) detection was carried at the 225 nm by employing 1ml/min flow rate. The separation of drugs from the plasma was achieved using protein precipitation technique by acetonitrile. The retention time was found to be 6.573 min and 5.421 min for metoprolol succinate and cilnidipine respectively. The developed method has the linearity range was obtained for RP-UFLC method was 0.5 -16 µg/ml and 1-32 µg/ml for cilnidipine and metoprolol succinate respectively and the regression co-efficient (r 2) is 0.999 for the both drugs. Accuracy & precision is evaluated for the method and found be within the limit and the results were reproducible.

INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES TO ANAEMIA TREATMENT: THE POTENTIAL OF INDIAN HERBAL REMEDIES

Anaemia, which affects more than 2 billion people worldwide is defined as a situation in which the quantity of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin are so low that oxygen delivery to tissues cannot satisfactorily meet all the cellular metabolic demand. It has serious health implications such as hazards to the brain, loss of physical productivity and death in general especially children, pregnant women. Traditional approaches to treatment consist mostly of oral iron replacement and dietary modifications, with increasing interest in use Indian traditional herbal medicine as adjunctive treatments. I feel this is a really deep exploration of how different types impact health (iron-deficiency, vit B12 deficiency and anaemia of chronic disease to name just three). Ayurvedic Herbs and Anaemia -It discusses a detailed application of Ayurveda to anaemic condition with case-studies, it also covers the therapeutic potential as Ashwagandha. Shatavari, Punarnava seeds and leaves (CMN), Moringa (Leaves) in management of anaemia. Loaded with nutrients like iron and Vitamin C these herbs uplift haemoglobin levels, facilitate the absorption of nutrients besides promoting overall health.  

A comprehensive review on blood brain delivery methods using nanotechnology

A limited amount of the administered medicine can reach the brain. As a result, a higher dose of the drug must be administered, which, as expected, causes several undesirable side effects. For the past few decades, researchers in a range of professions have been working to address this highly important and frequently lethal condition. Nanomedicine is a field of research that has achieved promising findings in recent years. Nanomedicine is the science that combines nanotechnology, chemistry, and medicine. Many various forms of nano-medicine-based drug-delivery systems are currently being investigated with the express goal of improving drug delivery to the brain. This overview compiles and briefly summarizes some of the most significant advances in this crusade. Inorganic nano-particle-based drug delivery systems, such as gold and magnetic nano-particles, are discussed, as are several organic nano-particulate systems. Polymeric micelles and dendrimers are briefly described as organic drug-delivery nano-systems, while solid polymeric nano-particles are thoroughly investigated.

Formulation of microsponges of anti-fungal drugs and their pharmacokinetic and in vitro analysis

 Microsponges are uniform, spherical, porous polymeric microspheres having myriad interconnected voids of particle size range 5-300 μm. These microsponges have the capacity to entrap a wide range of active ingredients such as emollients, fragrances, essential oils, sunscreens and anti-infective, etc. and then release them onto the skin over a time in response to a trigger. Microsponge Delivery System (MDS) can be used to resolve the problem associated with these conventional approaches. The drug entrapped microsponges can be incorporated into a formulated product, such as a gel, cream, liquid or powder. Microsponge is as tiny as a particle of talcum powder. Although they are microscopic in size, these systems are too large to pass through the stratum corneum thus preventing excessive accumulation of drugs within the epidermis and dermis, and hence systemic entry of the drugs. They increase the rate of solubilization of poorly water soluble drugs by entrapping such drugs in pores of the microsponges. In this study, Flutrimazole  and Oxiconazole nitrate microsponge were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method. The microsponges thus prepared, were evaluated for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size analysis, SEM, IR, DSC, PXRD, characterization of pore structure, in-vitro release study of microsponges, and stability. Then, gels loaded with microsponge and plain drug were formulated and evaluated for rheology, diffusion, skin irritation and antifungal activity. Antifungal activity of Flutrimazole and Oxiconazole nitrate containing microspongic gels were compared with marketed formulations. The microsponges showed good production yield, loading efficiency and particle size. All characteristic peaks of the drugs were concordant with IR spectra of pure drugs. PXRD and DSC studies revealed amorphization of drugs. SEM images showed that styrene microsponges prepared by suspension polymerization were finely spherical and uniform, while Eudragit microsponges prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method were comparatively less spherical. According to intrusion and extrusion curves, majority of the pores present in Eudragit microsponges were spherical type, whereas the pores of styrene microsponges were mainly cylindrical-hole type. BET multipoint adsorption isotherm studies revealed that the percent of porosity of styrene microsponges is comparatively higher than Eudragit based microsponges. During the storage of drug-entrapped microsponges at 40±2°C and 75±5% RH for 6 months, surface morphology and release of drug showed no notable changes. Viscosity determination of gel showed that gels loaded with microsponge are more viscous than gel loaded with plain drug. The controlled drug release was observed with all the microspongic gels. Antifungal activity of gels containing microsponge entrapped Flutrimazole and Oxiconazole nitrate showed that antifungal activity of drugs was retained even after entrapment in microsponges and it was higher as compared with the gel containing free drug and marketed formulation. Gels containing drugs entrapped in microsponges.  

COUNTERFEIT DRUGS SET ALARM BELLS RINGING: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DRUG POLICIES

The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this communication. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the anti-venom effect of leaves extracts of Vitex negundo

The number of snake envenomation cases is estimated to be more than 5 million per year. Out of these cases, approximately 1,00,000 individuals experience severe complications. The objective of the current research is to investigate the effectiveness of local plant extracts from the western ghats of India in countering snake venom.  The medicinal plant Vitex negundo has been traditionally used by healers in India to treat snakebite victims. Prior to injection, extract from the Vitex negundo   plant was incubated at 37°C for 30 minutes. The study revealed that doses ranging from 0.15-0.17 mg of Vitex negundo   extracts completely neutralized the lethal effects of V. russelli venom, while doses of 0.16-0.19 mg neutralized the lethal effects of Najanaja venom. In rats, the minimum edematic dose of the venom was found to be 4μg. Notably, significant inflammation was observed 1 hour after venom injection, with maximum inflammation occurring at 180 minutes. Furthermore, plant extracts administered at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg exhibited significant activity compared to the control group. The minimum percentage inhibition was 29.13% and 27.1% at 100mg/kg, 58.18% and 57.21% at 240 minutes for 400mg/kg, and 60.89% for Vitex negundo   with standard polyvalent antivenom. against V. Russelli and Najanaja venom, respectively.

Impact & Causes of Urinary Stone: A Review

The process of stone formation in the kidneys, bladder and/or urethra (urinary tract) is called urolithiasis. Men are twice as likely to produce stones as women. Stone obstruction of  the ureters or renal pelvis is characterized by excruciating, intermittent pain radiating from the flank to the groin or  genital area and the inner thigh. Rock types are named according to their mineral composition. The most common minerals are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), calcium oxalate, urate, cystine and silica. The most abundant rock on Earth contains calcium. Protection measures depend on the type of stone.