Browse Articles

p-Type BiVO₄ for Solar O₂ Reduction to H₂O₂

Multi-faceted examination of a deepwater seamount reveals ecological patterns among coral and sponge communities in the equatorial Pacific

Abstract Spatial changes in benthic community structure have been observed across natural gradients in deep-sea ecosystems, but these patterns remain under-sampled on seamounts. Here, we identify the spatial composition and distribution of coral and sponge taxa on four sides of a single central Pacific equatorial “model” seamount within the US EEZ surrounding the Howland and Baker unit of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument. This seamount rises from 5,000 + m to mesophotic depths of 196 m, and is influenced by the Equatorial Undercurrent. Four remotely operated vehicle (ROV) transects were completed, one on each flank of the seamount. Shallower than ~ 250 m, the mesophotic seafloor was composed of scoured carbonate pavement with sediment accumulation only found in rocky depressions. Waters below 500 m hosted communities predominantly composed of octocorals, however, several coral taxa showed seamount flank preference (higher abundance on one or more flanks than the others) even though strong vertical (depth) zonation of corals and sponges was observed on all flanks. Euplectellidae, Plexauridae and ​​Chrysogorgia spp. corals each showed a distinct preference for flank. To help visualize the influence of current flow, oxygen, depth, and substrate type on the zonation of seamounts, we created an Alexander Von Humboldt-style infographic to illustrate the observed biodiversity patterns. Given the importance of seamounts to ocean biodiversity and productivity, this study is an early attempt at a holistic visualization of seamount biology that can advance new hypotheses about seamount ecology.

A comparative study of polydopamine vs. glass ionomer cement for adhesion mechanisms on enamel and dentin using SEM and shear bond strength evaluation

Toward Sustainable Polydienes

Automatic detection and prediction of COVID-19 in cough audio signals using coronavirus herd immunity optimizer algorithm

Molecular Strain Accelerates Electron Transfer for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction

Research on the impact of mutual elderly care on the physical and mental health of rural elderly in China

Error mitigation in brainbox quantum autoencoders

Abstract Quantum hardware faces noise challenges that disrupt multiqubit entangled states. Quantum autoencoder circuits with a single qubit bottleneck have demonstrated the capability to correct errors in noisy entangled states. By introducing slightly more complex structures in the bottleneck, referred to as brainboxes, the denoising process can occure more quickly and efficiently in the presence of stronger noise channels. Selecting the most suitable brainbox for the bottleneck involves a trade-off between the intensity of noise on the hardware and training complexity. Finally, by analysing the Rényi entropy flow throughout the networks, we demonstrate that the localization of entanglement plays a central role in denoising through learning.

Researching on insulator defect recognition based on context cluster CenterNet++

Time delay effects on collective resonant behaviors in two coupled fractional oscillators with mass fluctuations

MicroRNA-32-5p promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cells

Biochemical failure-free survival of 18F-rhPSMA-7 and 18F-flotufolastat PET-guided salvage radiotherapy for patients with recurrent prostate cancer

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) has improved localization of prostate cancer (PC) lesions in biochemical recurrence (BCR) for salvage radiotherapy (SRT). We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing 18F-rhPSMA-7 or 18F-flotufolastat (18F-rhPSMA-7.3)-PET-guided SRT compared with conventional-SRT (C-SRT) without PET. We evaluated biochemical failure-free survival (bFS) and overall rates of bFS in 110 evaluable patients with recurrent PC after radical prostatectomy who received SRT. 82 patients received 18F-rhPSMA-7/18F-flotufolastat-PET-guided SRT and 28 received C-SRT. Median bFS for patients with 18F-rhPSMA-7/18F-flotufolastat-PET-guided SRT was not reached while median bFS was 45.6 months for patients with C-SRT (p = 0.101). %bFS were 95% (52/55) vs 87% (20/23), 90% (27/30) vs 75% (15/20), 89% (16/18) vs 68% (13/19) and 100% (3/3) vs 57% (8/14) for PET-guided vs C-SRT at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months, respectively. Among patients treated in the prostate bed only, median bFS was not reached for PSMA-PET-guided SRT (n = 52) vs 55.1 months in the C-SRT group (n = 25; p = 0.063). %bFS was greater for PSMA-PET-guided SRT than C-SRT at all evaluated timepoints. 18F-rhPSMA-7/18F-flotufolastat-guided SRT yielded favorable disease outcomes. Although statistical significance was not reached, likely due to the limited sample size in this preliminary analysis, our data illustrate potential for 18F-flotufolastat-PET-guided SRT.

Acoustic features of instrumental movie soundtracks elicit distinct and mostly non-overlapping extra-musical meanings in the mind of the listener

Tattooed human in vitro skin model for testing the biocompatibility of tattoo inks and healing progression after tattooing

Abstract Tattoos are widespread in the population. Tattoo inks, which contain a variety of ingredients among them hazardous compounds such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nanoparticles and that are made for injection into the skin, are not dermatologically tested. New testing systems for evaluation of biocompatibility of tattoo inks as composite products and the tattooing process itself are needed. This paper describes an in vitro 3D human skin model that was tattooed with black and red ink. Biocompatibility including analysis of cytotoxicity, cytokine release, and gene expression patterns of proinflammatory cytokines, proliferation markers, growth factors and structural components was investigated over a period of 7 days. Tattooing of the 3D skin model resulted in a strong inflammatory reaction comparable to in vivo observations that subsided 4 days after treatment. The subsequent healing phase was detectable in the gene expression patterns. Tattooing with two different tattoo inks resulted in distinguishable inflammatory reactions. The described 3D skin model is a useful tool for evaluation of the biocompatibility of tattoo inks and the tattooing process itself and for characterizing the healing process after tattooing.

Designing a terahertz optical sensor based on helically twisted photonic crystal fiber for toxic gas sensing

Clinical feasibility of deep learning-driven magnetic resonance angiography collateral map in acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke

Self-Cascaded Pyroptosis-STING Initiators for Catalytic Metalloimmunotherapy

Evaluation of ocular surface temperature in post-COVID-19 patients with different degrees of fever via infrared thermal imaging

Mechanical and microscopic characterization of expansive soils modified by water-soluble polymers

Climate change influences on the potential geographic distribution of the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

Abstract The Asian long-horned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901, is the competent vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Haemaphysalis longicornis originated mainly in eastern Asia and invaded many areas like Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific islands, and was recently introduced to eastern parts of the USA. This species is characterized by high adaptability to a wide range of temperatures and can reproduce parthenogenically under stressful conditions. Migratory birds are important hosts of H. longicornis and are thought to be responsible for its unexpected invasion and introduction into new areas worldwide. This study predicted the historical (near current) global environmental suitability and the possible shifts in environmental suitability for H. longicornis under the ongoing climate change between 2021 and 2100. The results demonstrated that Europe is at potential of high environmental suitability for H. longicornis invasion although this species has not been recorded in any regions of Europe yet. Our model also anticipated the environmental suitability for H. longicornis in eastern parts of the USA, although the recently recorded occurrences there were not used in the model calibration. Climate change is thought to affect and increase the range of suitable environments for H. longicornis. The different maps introduced in this study may help improve understanding of the global environmental suitability for this invasive disease vector and predict the areas at high environmental suitability for possible invasion to prioritize the control programs and enhance quarantine procedures in these areas.