Browse Articles

Characterizing the patient experience of physical restraint in psychiatric settings via a linguistic, sentiment, and metaphor analysis

Influence of drilling incidence angle on the drilling force distribution of pneumatic impactor

Positive sentiment and expertise predict the diffusion of archaeological content on social media

Abstract This study investigates the dissemination of archaeological information on Twitter/X through the lens of cultural evolution. By analysing 132,230 tweets containing the hashtag #archaeology from 2021 to 2023, we examine how content and context-related factors influence retweeting behaviour. Our findings reveal that tweets with positive sentiment and non-threatening language are more likely to be shared, contrasting with the common negativity bias observed on social media. Additionally, content authored by experts, particularly those with archaeological or historical expertise, is more frequently retweeted than content from popular figures lacking domain-specific expertise. The study also challenges the notion that pseudoarchaeology spreads rapidly and caution against overestimating its impact. Our results align with other studies on the spread of misinformation and “toxic” behaviour on social media, showing that the sharing of negative and hostile content by a vocal minority of users is mediated by other factors pertaining to the context of the communication. These insights underscore the nuanced dynamics of archaeology communication, emphasizing the importance of expert-led and positively charged narratives in engaging the public on social media.

Reproductive and persistence strategy of the liverwort Arnellia fennica after the last glaciation in the area of disjunction in Central Europe (Polish Tatra Mountains, carpathians)

The use of the Prospector calculator reduces antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Highly Efficient and achromatic mid-infrared silicon nitride meta-lenses

Abstract Inverse design with topology optimization considers a promising methodology for discovering new optimized photonic structure that enables to break the limitations of the forward or the traditional design especially for the meta-structure. This work presents a high efficiency mid infra-red imaging photonics element along mid infra-red wavelengths band starts from 2 to 5 µm based on silicon nitride optimized material structures. The first two designs are broadband focusing and reflective meta-lens under very high numerical aperture condition (NA = 0.9). The two designs are modeled by inverse design with topology optimization problem with Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser (k–s) aggregation objective function, while the final design is depended on novel inverse design optimization problem with double aggregation objective function that can target bifocal points along the wavelength band producing high efficiency achromatic broadband multi-focal meta-lens under very high numerical apertures ( $$N{A}_{1} = 0.9, \, N{A}_{2}=0.88$$ ).

A semi-supervised boundary segmentation network for remote sensing images

Spatial characteristics of soil potassium in the early stage of vegetation restoration and influencing factors in southwest China’s karst region

Stability evaluation of tunnels in steeply dipping layered rock mass using numerical models: a case study

Two eighth-century communities near Vienna shared culture but not ancestries

Implications for the diagnosis of aspiration and aspergillosis in critically ill patients with detection of galactomannan in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids

Abstract Invasive infections with Aspergillus fumigatus in ICU patients are linked to high morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in non-immunosuppressed patients is difficult, as Aspergillus antigen (galactomannan [GM]) may have other causes. This retrospective study analyzed 160 ICU surgical patients with positive GM in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), classifying them based on AspICU criteria for suspected IPA (pIPA) or aspiration. Patients with pIPA had higher disease severity than those with aspiration, including higher dialysis rates, organ transplantation, corticosteroid use, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Aspergillus culture was positive in 47.0% of pIPA cases but only 2.6% of aspiration cases (p < 0.001). SOFA score at first positive GM in BALF independently predicted 28-day mortality. In surgical patients with a positive GM in BALF, aspiration is more likely if there’s no corticosteroid therapy, negative Aspergillus culture, and a history of aspiration events. Diagnosis of pIPA requires Aspergillus culture or prior corticosteroid therapy in this cohort of critically ill patients.

The road to CAR-T-cell therapy for lethal childhood brain tumours

Biological characteristics, immune infiltration and drug prediction of PANoptosis related genes and possible regulatory mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease

Precision fetal cardiology detects cyanotic congenital heart disease using maternal saliva metabolome and artificial intelligence

The first complete mitochondrial genome of Sumatran striped rabbit Nesolagus netscheri (Schlegel, 1880), and its phylogenetic relationship with other Leporidae

Determining anatomically-safe corridors for placement of lateral mass screws in the first cervical vertebra of the Emirati population – a CT study

Machine learning analysis of cervical balance in early-onset scoliosis post-growing rod surgery: a case-control study

Will Europe ramp up defence research? War prompts major rethink

Cytotoxic mechanisms of pemetrexed and HDAC inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer cells involving ribonucleotides in DNA

Abstract The cytotoxic mechanisms of thymidylate synthase inhibitors, such as the multitarget antifolate pemetrexed, are not yet fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that combining pemetrexed with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) may enhance therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To explore this further, A549 NSCLC cells were treated with various combinations of pemetrexed and the HDACi MS275 (Entinostat), and subsequently assessed for cell viability, cell cycle changes, and genotoxic markers. Proteomic alterations were analyzed using label-free shotgun and targeted LC–MS/MS. MS275 enhanced the sensitivity of A549 cells to pemetrexed, but only when administered following prior treatment with pemetrexed. Both HeLa (p53 negative) and A549 (p53 positive) showed robust activation of γH2AX upon treatment with this combination. Importantly, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of the uracil-DNA glycosylase UNG did not affect γH2AX activation or sensitivity to pemetrexed. Proteomic analysis revealed that MS275 altered the expression of known pemetrexed targets, as well as several proteins involved in pyrimidine metabolism and DNA repair, which could potentiate pemetrexed cytotoxicity. Contrary to the conventional model of antifolate toxicity, which implicates futile cycles of uracil incorporation and excision in DNA, we propose that ribonucleotide incorporation in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA significantly contributes to the cytotoxicity of antifolates like pemetrexed, and likely also of fluorinated pyrimidine analogs. HDAC inhibition apparently exacerbates cytotoxicity of these agents by inhibiting error-free repair of misincorporated ribonucleotides in DNA. The potential of HDACis to modulate pyrimidine metabolism and DNA damage responses offers novel strategies for improving NSCLC outcomes.

Analysis of DNA cox1 barcoding revealed novel haplotype in Schistosoma haematobium isolated from Western Sudan