Browse Articles

Biocatalytic Oxidative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Enables Divergent Synthesis of (−)-α-Cyclopiazonic Acid and Derived Alkaloids

Nonbonding Ammonium Stabilizing Manganese–Oxygen σ-Bond by Manipulating Spin Electrons to Regulate Enzymatic Activities

Abstract The bonding strategy cannot effectively address the inherent limitations of layered nanozymes, resulting in their failure to maintain stability within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, ammonium (NH4+)-intercalated δ-MnO2 nanozymes (N-MnO2) were constructed through the acid–base neutralization strategy. Due to interlayer van der Waals interactions, the NH4+ is stabilized in a nonbonded configuration. Significantly, nonbonding NH4+ exhibits unique electron-manipulating capabilities, enabling precise regulation of Mn 3d spin electrons from a high-spin state (t2g3eg1) to low-spin (t2g4eg0) configurations. The controlled spin-state redistribution prevents electron occupation in the eg antibonding orbitals (σ*), thereby significantly enhancing the stability of the Mn–O σ-bond and suppressing Jahn–Teller (J-T) distortions in the [MnO6] octahedra of layered MnO2. This dual nonbonding stabilization mechanism effectively resists structural disruption by endogenous glutathione (GSH, a scavenger of superoxide radicals), which can enhance the enzyme-mimetic activity. Furthermore, the nonbonding NH4+ in N-MnO2 maintains a dynamic Mn3+/Mn4+ equilibrium, endowing the nanozyme with dual catalase-like and oxidase-like activities. This can catalyze cascade enzymatic reactions (H2O2 → O2 → O2•–) to sufficiently enrich O2•–. Consequently, it is demonstrated that N-MnO2 possesses enhanced cascade catalytic performance within the complex TME for tumor-specific therapy.

FedSynHAR: a framework based on feature-enhanced adaptive pruning-mutual distillation for federated human activity recognition

Vinylene-Linked Helical Covalent Organic Frameworks

An enhanced Draco lizard optimizer for accurate parameter extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Accurate parameter extraction is crucial for the modelling of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which involves complex, non-linear, and multivariate relationships essential for simulation, design, and fault diagnostics. This paper proposes a Modified version of the Draco Lizard Optimizer (MDLO) technique to precisely extract important PEM fuel cell parameters. This hybridization aims to increase optimization efficiency by striking a balance between exploration and exploitation. The efficacy of MDLO is supported by extensive simulations that use three commercially available PEM fuel cell systems to compare its performance to that of the conventional DLO and new metaheuristic optimization approaches, which are Driving Training-Based Optimization (DTBO), Moss Growth Optimization, and Skill Optimization Algorithm (SOA). Best fitness, average fitness, worst fitness, standard deviation, convergence speed, and multiple-comparison test are among the performance indicators that are applied and measured during the course of 55 runs. According to the findings, MDLO provides the best Sum of Squared Errors (SSE) value, greater accuracy, dependability, speed of convergence, and a strong fit for the estimated primary parameters. The runs’ low and consistent SSE values—0.331348 for the 250 W, 1.1698 $$\:\times\:$$ 10 − 2 for the BCS 500 W, and 2.100246 for the NedStack PS6—provide effectiveness and robustness of the MDLO.

Concerted Electron-Ion Transport by Polyacrylonitrile Elucidated with Reactive Deep Learning Potentials

Correction: Application of cinnamon essential oil microcapsules in anti-fungal preservation of Spatholobi caulis

Allosteric Inhibition of PKMYT1 Induces a Unique, Inactive ATP Binding Site Conformation

Decision-Flux Optimization-based energy management for battery-supercapacitor hybrid storage in electric vehicles: battery lifetime and efficiency enhancement

Oxygen Insertion-Driven Aerobic Oxidation of Diols over Pd Atomic Layers on Au Decahedra

Based on a radiomics-clinical nomogram to predict the therapeutic effect of pulmonary cryptococcosis pneumonia

IDH1-R132H enhances oncolytic HSV-1 therapy by facilitating viral entry and immune activation in glioma

Electronic Excited-State Dynamics of Au ₂₅ and Au ₃₈ Studied by Ab Initio Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

Characterization and evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed powder as a flocculating agent in biofloc culture of Clarias magur catfish

iSCORE-PD: an isogenic stem cell collection to research Parkinson’s disease

Abstract Genome-edited human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a powerful platform to study complex diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we describe iSCORE-PD, an isogenic collection of 65 genome-edited hPSC lines carrying disease-causing or high-risk variants in 11 PD-linked genes ( SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ1/PARK7, LRRK2, ATP13A2, FBXO7, DNAJC6, SYNJ1, VPS13C , and GBA1 ). All lines are derived from a well-characterized female hESC line and subjected to extensive quality control. Whole-genome sequencing reveals that genetic variation between lines, largely confined to non-coding regions, is minimal relative to inter-individual differences in patient-derived hiPSCs, with most variation arising from random mutations acquired during cell culture rather than genome-editing-induced off-target effects. Including multiple independently derived clones per mutation can control for this random genetic drift. Our systematic approach ensures high quality of this publicly available iSCORE-PD resource, highlights the advantages of prime editing over conventional CRISPR/Cas9 methods, and establishes best practices for generating disease-modeling hPSC collections.

Interfacial Electric Fields Drive Fast Hydroxyl Radical Production in Black-Carbon-Bearing Microdroplets

Choroidal thickness on optical coherence tomography as a longitudinal predictor of visual outcomes in intermediate uveitis

Abstract To assess longitudinal changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and mean choroidal thickness (MCT) in intermediate uveitis, eyes with at least one follow-up visit were included. These eyes were stratified into clinically worsened, stable, or improved based on changes in clinical parameters including Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) classification, to evaluate their prognostic value for future best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) was used to image the central macula. SFCT, MCT, and CRT were measured manually within the central 1 mm. Mixed-effects regression analysis controlling for age and sex was used to evaluate the prognostic value of SFCT and MCT regarding future BCVA and CRT. A total of 91 eyes from 52 patients were included in the analysis. While 12 eyes worsened, 62 remained stable, and 17 improved. Choroidal thickness remained stable over time, with no significant differences in SFCT or MCT change between clinical groups ( p  > 0.5 for all). When controlling for age and sex, both the baseline SFCT (estimate = -0.35 × 10 − ³ logMAR per µm, p  = 0.040) and MCT (estimate = -0.42 × 10 − ³ logMAR per µm, p  = 0.018) were prognostic for future BCVA. MCT, but not SFCT, was significantly associated with future CRT (estimate = -0.15 μm per µm, p  = 0.010 vs. -0.13 μm per µm, p  = 0.140). Choroidal thickness in terms of baseline SFCT and MCT is prognostic of future BCVA and could serve as a prognostic structural biomarker for intermediate uveitis.

Efficient preservation of old methane-derived organic carbon in deep-sea surface sediments

Nonprecious Core–Shell Catalysts for Durable High-Performance Water Electrolysis

Viscosity of cooking oils affects dishwasher cleaning performance