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Dynamic charging behavior of dielectric surfaces induced by electron beam irradiation and its effect on multipacting
Machine learning unveils hypoxia-immune gene hub for clinical stratification of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Determination of phytochemical content, antioxidant and mineral properties of Astragalus chamaephaca Freyn in different solvents
Five years of biochar amendment combined with reduced fertilization and irrigation improved the soil organic carbon composition and structure in a solonchak
Enhancing the selectivity and conditional sensitivity of an antimicrobial peptide through cleavage simulations and homoarginine incorporation to combat drug-resistant bacteria
Assessing morphological changes in the choroid plexus between standing and supine positions using a rotatable MRI system
Widespread thiamine deficiency in California salmon linked to an anchovy-dominated marine prey base
Thiamine (vitamin B 1 ) deficiency in marine systems is a globally significant threat to marine life. In 2020, newly hatched Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) fry in California’s Central Valley (CCV) hatcheries swam in corkscrew patterns and died at unusually high rates due to a lack of this essential vitamin. We subsequently investigated the impacts and causes of thiamine deficiency in California’s anadromous salmonids. Our laboratory studies defined the relationship between thiamine concentrations in Chinook salmon eggs and early life-stage survival in offspring; we used these data to develop a model that estimated 26 to 48% thiamine-dependent fry mortality across consecutive years (2020–2021) for winter-run Chinook salmon. We established an egg surveillance effort that found widespread thiamine deficiency in CCV Chinook salmon in 2020 and 2021, and emerging thiamine deficiency in Klamath River and Trinity River coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ) in 2021. We determined that thiamine injections into adults raised egg thiamine concentrations above levels found to impact early life-stage survival and swimming behavior. Ocean surveys, prey nutrition, salmon gut contents, and stable isotope data link thiamine deficiency to an ocean diet dominated by a booming population of northern anchovy ( Engraulis mordax ). This forage fish had low thiamine, high lipid, and high thiaminase activity levels consistent with both a thiaminase and oxidative stress hypothesis for causing thiamine deficiency in California salmon. Our research suggests California’s already stressed anadromous salmonids will continue to be impacted by thiamine deficiency as long as their ocean forage base and diet are dominated by northern anchovy.
Cooperative and inhibitory ion transport in functionalized angstrom-scale two-dimensional channels
Interdependence of Pasha and Drosha for localization and function of the Microprocessor in C. elegans
Abstract Primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts are processed by the Microprocessor, containing the ribonuclease Drosha and its RNA-binding partner DGCR8/Pasha. In a forward genetic screen utilizing a fluorescence-based sensor that monitors pri-miRNA processing in live Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify a mutation in the conserved G179 residue adjacent to the namesake W180 of Pasha’s WW domain that disrupts pri-miRNA processing. We show that both the G179 and W180 residues are required for Pasha dimerization and Microprocessor assembly. The WW domain also facilitates nuclear localization of Pasha, likely through its role in Microprocessor assembly, which in turn promotes nuclear enrichment of Drosha. Furthermore, depletion of Pasha mislocalizes Drosha to the cytoplasm, and vice versa, while deletion of Pasha’s N-terminus causes both proteins to accumulate in nucleoli. Our results reveal a mutual dependency between Pasha and Drosha for their localization in C. elegans and highlight the role of Pasha’s WW domain in maintaining Microprocessor integrity.
Deterministic switching of antiferromagnetic spin textures by nonlinear magnons
Introduction of multiple disulfide bonds increases the thermostability of transglutaminase
Bioinspired Conyza bonariensis-mediated ZnO/rGO NCs for effective degradation of toxic compounds under visible-light irradiation
Investigating the role of bulk and nano nickel in amelioration of morphophysiology and photosynthetic activity of Triticum aestivum L.
Hilbert–Huang transform based pupil changes analysis for concentration assessment in skilled mowing
Local pattern aware 3D video swin transformer with masked autoencoding for realtime augmented reality gesture interaction
Surface-elastic hydrogels delay senescence via the modulation of redox homeostasis and cytoskeletal tension
Abstract The Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in clinical applications owing to their therapeutic properties. However, in vitro expansion of MSCs in tissue culture dishes induces aging, which reduces their quality through an undefined mechanism. This study delineates the role of substrate stiffness as a potential modulator to delay MSC aging by elucidating the senescence progression of preconditioned and serially passaged MSCs on engineered stiffness-tunable gelatinous hydrogels. We demonstrated that mechanoactivation of MSCs increased their radical-scavenging capacity, maintained redox homeostasis, restored actin dynamics, and maintained their therapeutic properties. The hydrogels alleviated hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, linking mechanical signaling to redox balance and senescence. These hydrogels restored actin remodeling, highlighting the importance of cytoskeletal tension and dynamics in cellular senescence. We established a new culture method to maintain the stemness, proliferation, motility, and osteogenic differentiation potential of MSCs by serially passaging the cells on stepwise surface-elastic gels. Evidence points toward the complex interplay between mechanical memories and actin dynamics and their implications for autophagic activity in the delaying of senescent MSCs via hydrogels. Our findings suggest that mechanoregulation of culture substrates finely tunes the balance between cellular stress, redox homeostasis, and cytoskeletal dynamics to delay the progression of MSC senescence.
PML localization in tumor associated macrophages as a prognostic marker in triple negative breast cancer
A hybrid Spatial Ant Lion optimization and utilitarian data transmission approach for intelligent optimization for energy-efficient wireless sensor networks
Early warning signs of salt marsh drowning indicated by widespread vulnerability from declining belowground plant biomass
Salt marshes provide valuable ecosystem services but are vulnerable to drowning with accelerated sea-level rise (SLR). Marsh belowground biomass (BGB) production helps avoid drowning by building marsh surface elevation. Reductions in BGB can serve as an early warning sign of marsh deterioration, as they often precede decreases in aboveground biomass (AGB). However, landscape-scale BGB assessments to predict broad trends in marsh deterioration have not been previously available. We applied the Belowground Ecosystem Resiliency Model (BERM) to assess standing stocks and trends in both BGB and AGB over the past decade (2014–2023) across US Georgia coast Spartina alterniflora marshes (691 km 2 ). Over this time period, BGB and AGB averaged 841 ± 323 and 221 ± 14 g m −2 , respectively, but showed opposite trends. BGB decreased on average by 0.94% per year and over most of the marsh area (72%), while AGB increased on average by 0.66% per year and showed a net increase across most of the marsh area (88%). This disconnect suggests that AGB is not a good indicator of marsh resilience, and we highlight two areas with similar AGB but different BGB. Inundation intensity, an important predictor of BGB, rose through time and was negatively related to BGB. SLR trends suggest continuing increases in inundation, which will result in further declines in BGB followed by widespread marsh drowning. Landscape BGB assessments are a valuable tool to identify ecosystem vulnerability and proactively manage salt marshes and the services they provide under rising sea levels.