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A unified post-quantum zero-trust architecture with AI-driven orchestration for secure healthcare fog networks

FDA approves first-in-class hypertension drug

A high-sensitivity strategy to screen NAD(P)H-dependent reductase activity by coupled enzyme cascade

Adjunctive ibuprofen in pre-extensively drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a phase IIA open-label pilot clinical trial

Abstract Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a major global health challenge, and excessive inflammation may contribute to tissue damage and poor outcomes. We conducted a phase IIA prospective open-label pilot trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02781909) evaluating adjunctive ibuprofen in adults with pulmonary pre-extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis in Georgia. Twenty-eight participants received individualized background anti-tuberculosis regimens alone ( n  = 14) or with ibuprofen 400 mg daily for 2 months ( n  = 14) and were followed for 6 months. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of participants showing clinical and/or microbiological benefit, assessed by sputum culture conversion, radiological evolution, and WHO-defined treatment outcomes. Secondary outcomes were safety and tolerability, health-related quality of life, and inflammatory and transcriptomic responses. Adding adjunctive ibuprofen did not improve month-2 sputum culture negativity, time to stable culture conversion, radiological evolution, or final treatment outcomes. Safety and tolerability were similar between groups. Adverse events were recorded and reviewed, but not formally graded for severity. Ibuprofen treatment was associated with numerically greater reductions in several blood-based inflammatory measures and in transcriptomic signature scores associated with poor tuberculosis outcomes. These findings are exploratory and do not demonstrate clinical benefit but indicate biological activity and support evaluation of anti-inflammatory host-directed therapies in larger controlled trials.

Multidimensional Band-Structure Engineering in Chalcogen-Substituted Covalent Organic Frameworks Through Electrophilicity, Lattice Strain, and Defect Regulation

Artificial intelligence optimization model for public safety in smart cities based on multi-source data collaboration in the internet of things

Functional characterization of UHRF1 variants in facilitating DNA methylation

Publisher Correction: Divergent multifunctional P450s-empowered biosynthesis of bioactive tripterifordin and cryptic atiserenoids in Aconitum implies convergent evolution

Initiating Photocontrolled Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from a Redox-Activated Functional Group

Recognition of specific amino acids in migratory rivers and daily rhythmic behavior of naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii)

Abstract Gymnocypris przewalskii is an endemic migratory fish in the high-altitude, saline-alkaline Lake Qinghai. This study investigated whether L-serine (Ser) acts as a chemical cue guiding its migration. Water analysis revealed significantly higher concentrations of Ser in migratory rivers than in the lake, where phenylalanine (Phe) dominated. In behavioral experiments, G. przewalskii exhibited a significant preference for Ser-enriched water during the daytime (10:00, 15:00, 18:00), spending 63% to 74% of the time in the Ser chamber, while their preference for Ser diminished at night (21:00), where the time spent in the Ser chamber was only 34%. Additionally, G. przewalskii showed significantly lower instantaneous swimming speeds and reduced turning frequencies in the Ser-enriched water compared to the control group, indicating a more stable behavioral pattern. Furthermore, continuous monitoring revealed that the migration frequency of G. przewalskii during the daytime was significantly higher than at night, suggesting that light conditions may interact with chemical cues to regulate their migratory behavior. This study provides evidence of significant differences in the amino acid composition between the lake water and the migratory rivers of Lake Qinghai, as well as G. przewalskii ’s preference for Ser in the migratory rivers. It also highlights the distinct diel rhythmicity in their migratory behavior, offering valuable scientific insights for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of saline-alkaline fish species. These findings also have important implications for the conservation of the Lake Qinghai ecosystem.

Nanodiamonds made from tiny graphene triangles

Sphingomyelin synthase 2 regulates host protection conferred by the administration of Cryptococcus neoformans Δsgl1 strain

Interferon-elicited lipoprotein metabolism in lung fibroblasts facilitates premetastatic niche formation

Dynamics and Mechanism of Photoenzymatic Dehalogenation Reactions through Electron-Transfer Bifurcation

Publisher Correction: Enhancement of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) water stress resistance using paclobutrazol and partial root-zone irrigation

Mysterious protein sets up a beneficial partnership between bacteria and insects

Atomistic scattering modeling of the solution structure of human dimeric IgA1 reveals a structural and mechanistic basis for IgA nephropathy

Svalbard-barents ice sheet instability enhanced delivery of reactive iron to the ocean

Abstract Iron (Fe) plays a key role in marine environments as a bio-limiting nutrient and a control on sedimentary burial of carbon and other nutrients. Sensitive glacial systems provide an important delivery mechanism for Fe to the ocean, but it is unknown how these glacial sources will change as ice retreats. Sedimentary records from the Yermak Plateau, proximal to the Svalbard-Barents Ice Sheet provide an opportunity to investigate how past glacial instability may have affected bioavailable iron delivery. Here we find that over the past 135 ka, pulsed reactive Fe export to the Yermak Plateau occurred at least 5 times, during intervals of ice sheet retreat or advance. Fe-rich layers preserve high contents of reactive Fe phases, some of which were likely bioavailable at the time of deposition. Glacial Fe from Svalbard may have been delivered either directly by meltwater plumes or through remobilization of Fe deposited in fjord and shelf sediments. The delivery of reactive Fe hundreds of kilometers offshore during these events indicates that ice sheet instability in modern settings could perturb high latitude nutrient cycles.

Age, gender, and score distributions of moral foundations

Claims of generational differences in moral values have important implications for understanding societal change. Using the recently developed Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2), we examined age and gender effects on moral foundations in large US (N = 835) and UK (N = 1,659) samples. Across both nations, binding foundations (proportionality, loyalty, authority and purity) showed consistent age-related increases. While these yearly increments were modest, they accumulated to substantial differences between youngest and oldest participants, with binding scores approximately 0.75 standard deviations higher in older adults. Among individualizing foundations, the preference for equality decreased with age, while harm/care remained stable. Gender differences emerged systematically: women scored higher on individualizing foundations, while men showed elevated scores on binding foundations. We also observed significant distributional effects, with care scores clustering near the scale maximum and purity scores near the minimum. These demographic patterns suggest important dynamics in how moral values may shift across generations and between genders, with implications for understanding social change.

Effects of teaching games for understanding on students’ learning outcomes in physical education: a hierarchical meta-analysis of domain-specific effects