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Correcting False Narratives — Indispensable Latino Contributions to U.S. Population Health

Sex differences in marathon pacing: analysis of 873,000 Berlin marathon runners reveals men are twice as likely to “hit the wall”

Toward Broader Adoption of Coronary Physiological Assessment

ML-based electromyography signal analysis for assessing rehabilitation exercise execution quality

Abstract Following lower limb trauma, performing orthopaedic rehabilitation exercises is a crucial factor in successful recovery. However, many patients find it difficult to execute these movements with optimal biomechanical form. To address this problem, an electromyography-based sensor system combined with machine learning is proposed. This system records and analyses exercises performed with the aim of providing real-time feedback on execution quality. To evaluate the potential of this concept, high-density electromyographic data (32 electrodes per sensor pad) were recorded from the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles while performing rehabilitation exercises. Four different exercises (squat, hip abduction, leg raises and rocking) were performed, each in one optimal and three non-optimal variations, by n  = 19 participants, resulting in 3,040 exercise executions and 194,560 electromyographic recordings. Analysis of this dataset demonstrated that a Support Vector Machine algorithm can be used to classify execution quality (four classes per exercise) with an average accuracy of 83.3% (± 8.8%). In addition, it was shown that, One Class Support Vector Machine trained with solely optimal executions, an unknown exercise could be identified as either optimal or non-optimal execution with an accuracy of 76.6% (± 5.9%). These results highlight the potential of this approach to evaluate exercise execution quality during rehabilitation. In the long term, this approach could provide personalised rehabilitation feedback and improve patient outcome.

Rituximab versus Ocrelizumab in Newly Diagnosed Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

Longitudinal analysis of drift in the circulating human antibody repertoire over four years

AI tools can speed up thinking, but evidence still comes from the lab bench

Angiography-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve to Guide PCI

Cryopreservation alters contractile function of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes

Abstract Advanced protocols are available for efficient generation of large quantities of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Nevertheless, hiPSC-CMs show large batch to batch variations as well as fetal-like phenotype. Cryopreservation enables long-term storage of batches, leading to increased consistency and reproducibility of data while improving maturation. However, controversial data regarding comparability of fresh and cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs have been reported. Here, we compared fresh and cryopreserved hiPSC-CMs, demonstrating that both cryopreservation media (CryoStor ® CS10 and KnockOut Serum Replacement) had a comparable recovery rate (CS10: 39%, KSR: 46%) and similar proportion of CMs in long-term culture. Cryopreservation altered cell morphology (increased cell area and shorter or longer sarcomere length) and contractile parameters (faster time to peak and half relaxation time and higher or shorter contraction amplitude) of recovered hiPSC-CMs with only slight changes in sarcomeric gene and protein expression. Some differential effects of both cryo-media on CM structure and function were observed. The data indicate an influence of cryopreservation on cell morphology as well as on contraction parameters that should be considered in downstream applications.

Artificial Intelligence and Detection of Hirschsprung Disease

Physical water system consolidation alone cannot resolve drinking water failure in California’s San Joaquin Valley

Abstract Small community water systems in California’s San Joaquin Valley disproportionately fail to provide safe drinking water, with most serving disadvantaged communities and lacking the technical, managerial, and financial capacity to maintain compliance. The State Water Board designates such systems as failing when they have documented violations of drinking water standards or cannot reliably deliver safe water. Physical consolidation, which involves connecting a smaller failing system to a larger provider through new pipeline infrastructure, is the primary long-term solution promoted by state regulators. Here, we assess consolidation feasibility and capital costs across four counties (Kern, Kings, Tulare, and Fresno) via the state’s 2024 screening methodology. The methodology identifies smaller failing and at-risk systems as candidates for joining a larger receiving system with sufficient capacity. Among the 210 eligible systems, 114 (54%) matched a receiving system within three miles, with an estimated total capital need of $413.5 million. Nearly all identified pairs met state funding viability thresholds. The remaining 96 systems, including 49 classified as failing, lacked an eligible receiving partner and will require alternative solutions. Physical consolidation is necessary but insufficient for achieving safe drinking water access across the region.

Can Rwanda sustain its rise in science and technology? Here’s what can help

Redefining Physiology in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Endorsement of increased-risk claims about Tylenol and autism may not reflect causal beliefs

Abstract A recent KFF poll prompted concern that many Americans believe it is definitely or probably true that Tylenol use in pregnancy causes autism. However, the poll actually asked a slightly different question: whether Tylenol use increases the risk of autism, raising questions about how such phrasing is interpreted. We conducted a preregistered experiment ( N  = 1957) comparing three phrasings that appeared in news coverage of the poll: increases risk , causes , and a mere link . Overall, differences in phrasing had minimal impact on endorsement. Instead, responses varied substantially by respondent characteristics, particularly political party, replicating the poll’s finding that Republicans were more likely than Democrats to endorse the relationship. The only evidence of a phrasing effect was conditional on education: among more educated respondents, endorsement was lower when the relationship was described as explicitly causal, but similar for the increases-risk and mere-link phrasings. These results suggest that caution is warranted when interpreting the public’s causal beliefs, and further work is needed to develop measures that more clearly distinguish beliefs about association from beliefs about causation.

Trampoline Fracture

In silico exploration of potential associations between aspartame and cardiometabolic disease networks: a network toxicology study

Ebola preparedness must start with ecosystems and before humans show symptoms

Ianalumab plus Eltrombopag in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Expression and clinical significance of miR-223 in children with severe pneumonia

Abstract Severe pneumonia poses a major life-threatening respiratory disease among children under 5 years old, and conventional laboratory markers lack sufficient specificity for its early identification and severity evaluation, highlighting an urgent need for novel sensitive and specific biomarkers. This study enrolled 107 children diagnosed with severe pneumonia and 107 age- and gender-matched healthy children from January 2024 to June 2025. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to detect plasma miR-223 expression, and routine hematological, biochemical and coagulation indicators were simultaneously collected for all subjects. Statistical analyses including Mann-Whitney U test, multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed to explore the diagnostic value of miR-223. Plasma miR-223 expression was significantly elevated in children with severe pneumonia compared with healthy controls, and multivariate logistic regression identified miR-223, neutrophil percentage, albumin and fibrinogen as independent risk factors for pediatric severe pneumonia. Single miR-223 yielded an AUC of 0.90 for disease diagnosis, while the combined model of the four indicators achieved an AUC up to 0.99 with superior diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity. Age stratification analysis revealed that miR-223 upregulation existed across all age subgroups of patients, and age exerted no significant interference on its diagnostic performance. Moreover, higher miR-223 levels were correlated with severe complications, PICU admission and longer hospital stays, indicating its potential for disease stratification and short-term prognosis assessment. In summary, plasma miR-223 acts as a reliable molecular biomarker for pediatric severe pneumonia, and its combination with routine inflammatory, nutritional and coagulation markers greatly improves diagnostic efficiency, which provides a promising auxiliary tool for early diagnosis and clinical risk evaluation of children with severe pneumonia.

Advances in Multiple Sclerosis