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RXR agonist increases newly characterized GM-CSF-producing B220+CD8αα intraepithelial T cells
Abstract Context-dependent cytokine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a crucial role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis and exacerbating inflammation. Although multiple cell types produce GM-CSF in the gut, whether intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) contribute to GM-CSF production during the steady state remains unclear. In the small intestinal epithelial layer, we identified B220-expressing CD8αα + T cells that selectively produced GM-CSF but not interleukin-17A or interferon-γ. Transcriptional analysis combined with weighted parametric gene set analysis revealed the upregulation of retinoid X receptor (RXR)-related genes in this population. Consistently, the RXR agonist bexarotene increased GM-CSF-producing B220 + CD8αα + T cells without affecting other cytokines or CD8αβ + T cells. These findings identify B220 + CD8αα + IELs as a spatially distinct source of GM-CSF in the epithelial layer and indicate that the RXR pathway specifically promotes the GM-CSF-producing program, potentially contributing to maintaining immune homeostasis in the small intestine.
Computing in a memory with physics
An artificial neural network built into a computer memory chip reconstructs the human cortex with high accuracy in real time
Performance assessment of carbon based on lignocellulosic material as an effective biosorbent for elimination of iron and manganese from monazite leachate
Abstract The purification of REEs from leaching liquor of monazite ore; which contains contaminated iron and manganese, are significant important for REEs applications. Herein, this work investigated the sorption and separation of Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ from both aquatic solution and REEs of monazite liquor using carbon-based on lignocellulosic cotton stalk material (CCS) as a green biosorbent at optimum conditions. The prepared CCS was characterized by different physicochemical and morphological techniques as FTIR, SEM, TEM, and specific surface area measurement, which was 831 m 2 g − 1 with total pore volume; 0.431 m 3 g − 1 , micro-pores percentage; 93.27%, and meso-pores percentage; 6.73%. The sorption investigations like pH, stirring time, initial metal-ions concentration, temperature, and adsorbent weight were carried out to identify the best reaction parameters. The obtained results were analyzed using different kinetic and isotherm patterns. The pseudo-second order kinetic model surpasses on the other kinetic models in the sorption process, indicating the chemisorption reaction. The sorption isotherm matched with Langmuir model, depending on the highest R 2 and lowest of error functions. The maximum monolayer sorption capacities of Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ ions onto CCS are 531.9 and 680.27 mg/g, respectively at optimum sorption conditions (pH 2.6 for Fe 3+ and pH 5.5 for Mn 2+ , stirring time 30 min. at 25 °C). The sorption approach was exothermic, randomness and spontaneous in nature. Lastly, CCS can be highly separated Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ from REEs of monazite leachate with separation factors reached 228.947 and 2.5735, respectively. Consequently, the low-cost CCS sorbent was utilized for purification of REEs from Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ pollutants of monazite ore liquor.
NIH security rules for genomic data sets are slowing research
Data security experts say increased oversight is needed, but researchers are struggling to comply
The epigenetic landscape of adaptability reveals key methylation differences in indigenous Indian and commercial chickens
Erratum for the Research Article “Detecting supramolecular organic nanoparticles during heat wave”
Molybdenum as a biodegradable bone implant material assessed by ISO 10993-5/-12-compliant cytocompatibility testing and transcriptomic profiling in a human osteoblast cell line
Abstract Molybdenum is increasingly explored as a metallic implant material for bone regeneration owing to its high mechanical strength, controlled degradation behavior, and corrosion resistance. This study evaluated the cytocompatibility of metallic molybdenum using the osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 in both extract-based and direct-contact viability assays, conducted in strict accordance with ISO 10993-5/-12 to obtain valuable high-quality preclinical data. Molybdenum extracts demonstrated high cytocompatibility across all tested dilutions, with cell viability falling below the 70% ISO threshold only for the undiluted extract, indicating a mild concentration-dependent effect. In direct-contact assays, molybdenum preserved normal cell morphology and monolayer integrity comparable to titanium. In contrast, magnesium induced pronounced cytotoxic effects in both assay formats. All reference materials elicited the expected responses; however, gamma irradiation abolished the cytotoxicity of polyurethane containing zinc diethyldithiocarbamate, highlighting the critical importance of accounting for sterilization-induced material changes. Complementary transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of gene sets associated with immunostimulatory signaling, aerobic energy metabolism, and protein biosynthesis, while expression of osteogenic differentiation markers remained unimpaired. Together, these results demonstrate that cytotoxic effects of metallic molybdenum occur only at extract concentrations in the millimolar range, thereby establishing a sound preclinical basis for the further development of molybdenum-based biomaterials.
NIH again faces year-end grantmaking scramble
Despite delays and staff shortages, agency should be able to fully spend 2026 budget, but new grants will likely remain below historic levels
Machine learning inspired compact quad port MIMO antenna with circular polarization for multi band wireless applications
Feeling a chill
The Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard has become a key outpost for Arctic science. But geopolitical tensions are complicating research efforts
Selection of functional electrical stimulation patterns affects hip and knee mechanical loads during semi-recumbent cycling
TTF2 processes sites of incomplete DNA replication during mitosis via sister-chromatid exchanges
Mammalian cells frequently enter mitosis before DNA replication has finished, necessitating the rapid processing of unreplicated loci to facilitate chromosome segregation. The TRAIP ubiquitin ligase induces replisome disassembly during mitosis, triggering the cleavage of DNA replication forks. Until now, the mechanisms that regulate TRAIP and process cleaved DNA replication forks were unclear. Here we show that the TTF2 ATPase is a new type of phospho-receptor that binds a conserved phosphorylation site on TRAIP during mitosis. TTF2 couples phosphorylated TRAIP to DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ε) in the replisome, leading TRAIP to ubiquitylate the CDC45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase. This triggers mitotic replisome disassembly, and a repair pathway that produces sister-chromatid exchanges, supporting a model for how fork cleavage promotes the segregation of under-replicated loci in mammalian cells.
Artificial intelligence-guided and first-principles design and optimization of Rb₂YAgX₆ (X = F, Cl) double perovskite photodetectors
Zonated mechanosensing by PIEZO1 controls liver regeneration
The liver exhibits a marked regenerative capacity organized through distinct zones, yet how tissue mechanics coordinate zonated proliferation remains elusive. We reveal that mechanical cues critically contribute to mouse liver regeneration in a highly region-specific manner through sensing by a subpopulation of mid-lobular hepatocytes, which are characterized by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) expression and represent the key proliferative pool of hepatocytes. PIEZO1 is a primary mechanosensor enriched in zone 2 DPP4 + hepatocytes that integrates biomechanical cues to drive liver regrowth by insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2). Genetic disruption of PIEZO1 restrains hepatocyte proliferation and compromises liver regeneration, whereas zonated PIEZO1 gain of function enhances proliferation and accelerates recovery. These findings reveal that DPP4 + mechanosensitive hepatocytes orchestrate liver regrowth through PIEZO1-mediated mechanosensing, establishing a link between tissue mechanics and liver regeneration.
Enhanced borohydride electrocatalysis through electronic coupling of PtNi nanomaterials and reduced graphene oxide
Efficient near-telomere-to-telomere assembly of nanopore simplex reads
250 years of promise
America has for its entire history been fascinated with science. Although the lofty ideals associated with establishing the country have mostly to do with personal liberty and equality, the founders were very aware of the importance of new knowledge, and scientific knowledge, in particular. Benjamin Franklin perhaps best exemplified the broad curiosity about both principles of the natural world and the ideals of political philosophy when forging the foundation of a new democracy, and New England was already home to private universities before the Revolution. In the South, public universities were created concomitantly with the formation of the country, first in Georgia and North Carolina, and then in Virginia where Thomas Jefferson devoted his post-presidency to a new institution in Charlottesville. Although these establishments were partly dedicated to training clergy, they were not divorced from science. Jefferson had become an admirer of the chemist Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier while in France and directed the construction of a chemistry laboratory in the basement of the University of Virginia rotunda. At the same time, Elisha Mitchell, a geologist and minister, became president of the University of North Carolina. These universities were revered by America’s founders. President James Madison said that “learned institutions ought to be favored objects with every free people.”