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Evidence of an activity-enhancing conformational shift in Arabidopsis thaliana plant cysteine oxidase 4 induced by binding of substrate or substrate-mimics
Designing new antibiotics
Unraveling the pathway of copper delivery to cytochrome c oxidases in the free-living bacterium Caulobacter vibrioides
AlphaFold3-guided optimization of a photoactivatable endonuclease for top-down genome engineering
Overcoming roadblocks to anti-inflammatory NLRP3 inhibitors
The non-small-cell lung cancer drug market
RNA chemistry and therapeutics
The changing landscape of medicinal chemistry optimization
Targeting the Hippo pathway in cancer
Accelerating precision oncology by converging pragmatic trials and real-world evidence
Modeling and addressing on-target/off-tumor toxicity of claudin 18.2 targeted immunotherapies
On-target off-tumor toxicity of claudin18.2-directed CAR-T cells in preclinical models
Increasing wintertime cloud opacity increases surface longwave radiation at a long-term Arctic observatory
Abstract As the Arctic warms, winter clouds are known and expected to change. Yet the extent to which these cloud changes amplify or dampen warming (cloud feedback) remains uncertain. This uncertainty results from systemic difficulties in modeling and observing Arctic low clouds. Surface-based observations avoid many of these difficulties. Here, we use two decades of surface-based observations (1998–2023) to constrain and explain longwave flux change during winter. We find that longwave flux into the surface is increasing and that this increase cannot be explained by direct impacts of temperature and greenhouse gases alone. Only when increasing cloud radiative effect (0.96 ± 0.64 W/m 2 /K) is considered can increasing longwave flux be explained. Cloud radiative effect increases due to increasing cloud opacity, which is driven equally by ice-only and mixed-phase clouds. The direct observational constraint from this work suggests that increasing cloud opacity drives increasing net surface radiation on Alaska’s North Slope during winter.