Browse Articles

Cross species reproducibility of MRI radiomics features enables intervertebral disc degeneration assessment in experimental monkeys

Abstract Experimental monkeys serve as a bridge between basic research and clinical medicine. Accurately assessing the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in experimental monkeys is crucial for further intervertebral disc related research in these animals. Radiomics promises significant enhancement in quantitative diagnostic precision for IVDD, while the cornerstone of constructing robust and efficient radiomics models (RMs) relies on access to large-scale sample data. In experimental monkey research, however, ethical restrictions and resource constraints typically limit sample sizes. This study addresses this challenge by comparing and analyzing the generalizability of intervertebral disc MRI-based radiomics models between humans and experimental monkeys. The findings reveal that 12.30% (438/3562) of the radiomics features demonstrate high reproducibility between the two species. Leveraging the sufficient human dataset, we built RMs and employed the experimental monkey dataset as a training set to validate the cross-species generalizability of these models. Notably, in the test phase, models constructed based on the inter-species reproducible features achieved AUC values ranging from 0.82 to 0.92, indicative of promising diagnostic performance. This study emphasizes the advantages of leveraging human data for the construction of RMs under conditions of constrained experimental monkey research. We innovatively propose and validate the potential for cross-species application of RMs. This study furnishes strong theoretical underpinnings and practical foundations for the broader application of radiomics in cross-species disease research.

Solidification cracking of laser melted commercial-purity tungsten

Abstract The high melting temperature of tungsten (W) makes it an attractive candidate for energy generation applications; however, its use is limited by its poor ductility at low temperatures. This limitation affects even melt-based additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB), with as-fabricated pure W exhibiting both longitudinal and transverse cracks. Metallurgical and processing factors that affect these cracks are still being explored. This work utilizes powderless single-tracks on pure W plates made over a range of power and velocity combinations in three unique PBF-LB setups: one with flowing argon, one with continuous vacuum, and an in situ high-speed synchrotron X-ray radiography setup. Each had different oxygen activities in their build environments. Longitudinal cracks with oxides appearing to exude from the crack were found for tracks deposited in a build environment with argon shield gas, while no such cracks were observed for builds conducted in vacuum. A calculation showed that direct oxygen ingress into the melt pool from the build environment is negligible when argon shield gas is present. Thus, incorporation of spatter is a likely mechanism for oxygen ingress into the melt pool. Radiography showed extensive keyholing, spatter generation, and crack formation at keyhole porosity. A heat transfer calculation showed the crack formation time was consistent with cooling below its ductile-to-brittle transition (DBT) temperature. This work identifies solidification cracking as a feasible mechanism in pure W beyond the well-known DBT related cracking.

A barrier function-based fixed-time fractional order sliding mode super-twisting control for robotic manipulators with actuator faults

Unraveling the genetic architecture of anti-nutritional factors in soybean (Glycine max.) for nutritional enhancement

A blended CFD/multi-body analysis method for elastohydrodynamics of plastic oil pan

Risk identification model for power enterprises based on convolutional neural network

The study of the therapeutic effect and preliminary mechanism of EGCG on recurrent aphthous ulcer

Assessing parameters impact in dropwise condensation heat transfer for an individual droplet on inclined/grooved surfaces: a sobol sensitivity analysis

A novel deep neural model for efficient and scalable historical place image classification

Lung ultrasound for diagnosing etiology of respiratory illnesses in hospitalized children

Impact of malnutrition and anxiety on the health of older population in rural China

Disturbance observer based multiloop proportional feedback system for output voltage regulation in three phase AC to DC converters

Stress hyperglycemia ratio and albumin predict in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a cohort study

Comparison of different propofol target-controlled infusion concentrations in children with autism spectrum disorder undergoing magnetic resonance imaging

Identification of potential molecular targets of rhaponticin in the treatment of periodontitis using bioinformatics tools

Efficient defluoridation of high-fluoride water using rare earth-based adsorbents: adsorption performance, mechanism, and kinetics

Use of SEM-PLS analysis to predict sports injuries in professional football players through warehouse technology data

Habitat reconstruction for the Late Pleistocene Siberian saber-toothed cat Homotherium using microphytofossils

Abstract The frozen mummy of a saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens cub was found in the Upper Pleistocene permafrost of the Yedoma deposits on the Badyarikha River (the right tributary of the Indigirka River) in the northeast of Yakutia (East Siberia, Russia). We present the results of a study of organic microfossils (pollen, spores, plant detritus, etc.) and phytoliths from a deposit sample collected at the site of the discovery of the frozen mummy. Habitat of the Siberian Homotherium in the Badyarikha River region is reconstructed as a floodplain mature larch forest and mesic sedge-grass-forb meadows.

Development of intestinal tissue-resident T cells in early-life mice before and after weaning

Development of a bench system with capacitive sensor, sample compression, and TinyML for iron ore moisture measurement

Abstract In the mineral sector, many processes use water for ore beneficiation processes. A lack of sensing or control of water content can lead to operational problems in various mineral processing operations, especially in ore transport. Current instrumentation systems are either slow or inaccurate. Therefore, a novel bench system was developed to address this gap by achieving a fast response time and improved accuracy. The developed instrument measures the ore moisture by using the real-dual-frequency method (RDFM) to assess the ore’s electrical conductivity and relative permittivity. Additionally, it takes into account the bulk density, the bench chamber level, and the compress torque. All these variables are used to create a tiny machine-learning (TinyML) model that evaluates the ore’s moisture with a low time response. This process is done while the ore sample is compressed to reduce air bubbles inside the samples and improve measurement. Experiments were performed using the bench system in a mining company’s physical analysis laboratory. The instrument was utilized to measure the moisture content in the ore, leading to the development of a dataset used to train and validate various tree-based tinyML models. The results indicate that ore compression enhances accuracy and that decision trees are effective for estimating moisture with a quicker response time.