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Opto electronic system for real time health evaluation of photovoltaic panels
Theoretical study on the conformational diversity and dynamic effect in Pd-catalyzed atroposelective Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling
Atroposelective Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling serves as a powerful synthetic approach for the direct assembly of biaryl products with axial chirality. However, theoretical understanding and prediction for atroposelectivity remain elusive because the conformational diversity is complicated. Moreover, dynamic paths deviating from the minimum energy path also contribute to the product distribution. Herein, we performed a conformation sampling workflow based on molecular dynamics simulation with a constrained harmonic potential for coordinate bonds to completely sample the conformations of transition states for the crucial reductive elimination step in the catalytic cycle. Through statistical analysis of transition states conformations, an atroposelectivity ratio of 94:6 was determined, which matches well with the experimental results (97:3 er). On the other hand, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to explore the dynamic path on the free energy surface. We are addressing persistent challenges in modeling highly irreversible processes using current enhanced sampling methodologies. This work is expected to stimulate future investigations on the conformational diversity and dynamic effect in Pd-catalyzed atroposelective Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling reactions.
Association between pain sensitivity and distance from the affected level of disc herniation
Abstract A frequent cause of acute low back pain with radiating leg pain is lumbar disc herniation. In a clinical context, it can be very difficult to know which segment, let alone which anatomical structure, is responsible for the nociception that patients perceive as low back pain. Quantitative sensory pain testing (QST) is a method that quantifies the pain response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the level of disc herniation correlates with mechanical and/or thermal pain thresholds in patients with lumbar disc herniation, with the lowest pain thresholds being at the affected level. A cross-sectional study with 102 participants with lumbar disc herniation verified by MRI was conducted. Participants were tested at baseline with an algometer measuring pressure pain threshold (PPT) and a thermode measuring heat pain threshold (HPT). Measurements were collected at five sites, 2 cm lateral to the L1 to L5 processus spinosi. The data showed a significant association between the proximity to the level of disc herniation to the QST test site and the mechanical PPT thresholds with the lowest pain thresholds closest to the level of disc herniation (slope, 6.1; 95%CI 1.79 to 10.4; p = 0.005). There was no association for HPTs. Pain thresholds were associated with the level of disc herniation when measured with mechanical pressure but not with heat.
Effects of diagenetic stage and burial depth on the microstructure and mechanical properties of coal-bearing sandstones
Anatomical variability of the lateral pterygoid plate and its influence on the dimensions of infratemporal fossa in human skulls
Abstract The lateral pterygoid plate is a key landmark within the infratemporal fossa, and its morphological variations influence surgical access to the foramen ovale. This study evaluated the morphometry of lateral pterygoid plate and its spatial relationships in 60 dry skulls. The specimens of skull were categorized into direct, lateral, removed, and medial types. Measurements included five sectional breadths, height, distances from lateral to the medial pterygoid plate, the anterior tubercle, and degree of lateral deflection. The specimens of skull classified as medial type had significant greater mid-to-proximal breadth and height of lateral pterygoid plate. Increased distal breadth correlated with reduced lateral pterygoid plate-articular tubercle distance in the specimens of skull classified as removed and lateral types, with a moderate and strong inverse correlation in both groups. These specimens of skull also showed a narrower infratemporal space due to lateral positioning of the lateral pterygoid plate, despite no significant increase in breadth or height. The specimens of skull classified as removed type remained to be obstructive due to the added shortcoming of a deficient posterior border of lateral pterygoid plate. These findings highlight that the lateral pterygoid plate significantly affects the dimensions of the infratemporal fossa. Since the lateral and removed types of the lateral pterygoid plate are found in nearly half of the individuals, clinicians should be aware of these variations when accessing the foramen ovale during trigeminal neuralgia interventions.
RIRS with flexible vacuum-assisted ureteral access sheath for large renal stones: a prospective randomized controlled study
Optimization of the grid-stiffened structure via PSO-LSSVR surrogate modeling and sensitivity analysis
Abnormal glycosylation changes in brain tissue of kainic acid-induced epileptic rats
Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes and the vicious cycle model in its etiology
Biological evaluations and biomolecular interactions along with computational insights of arylidene isatin hydrazones synthesized using nanocatalyst
Efficient phase shift in metamaterial spoof surface plasmon polaritons waveguides
Mechanical behaviour evaluation of scrab tire based rubberized lightweight and normal structural concrete and response at elevated temperatures
Theoretical study on the ultimate capacity of partially encased composite beams with web openings
Neural correlates of consciousness in the sound-induced flash illusion
Abstract The visual awareness negativity (VAN) has been identified as a potential neuronal correlate of consciousness (NCC). The VAN is typically found when comparing experimental trials in which a stimulus was perceived with trials in which the same stimulus was not perceived. However, if the VAN represents a reliable NCC, it should also be observed under conditions in which participants report conscious perception despite the absence of a corresponding visual stimulus, i.e., a visual illusion. Our event-related potential (ERP) study ( N = 47) aimed to investigate this question by using a suited stimulation design, the sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI), for which a visual stimulus is presented once together with two short beeps, leading - on about half the trials - to the illusory perception of a second flash, with graded levels of reported awareness of these trials. When comparing illusory with non-illusory trials, we found an enhanced negativity over posterior electrodes between 250 and 300 ms. Frequency analyses additionally revealed lower pre-stimulus alpha power in illusion trials, aligning with prior work linking alpha dynamics to perceptual variability. Our findings suggest that even illusory perceptions enhance negative potentials over posterior regions during the VAN interval, supporting the interpretation of the VAN as a NCC.
In vitro drug susceptibility of Leishmania donovani from visceral leishmaniasis patients with and without HIV coinfection in Northwestern Ethiopia
Comparative study of single and hybrid deep learning models for daily rainfall prediction in selected African cities
Benchmarking genome assemblers for four bacterial models based on contiguity, correctness, and completeness
AI driven pre-regulatory validation of PD-L1 analysis in lung cancer
Abstract The assessment of PD-L1 in lung cancer using the Tumour Proportion Score (TPS) is one of the cornerstones of immune-oncology, but it is open to inter- and intra-pathologist variation, particularly around the clinical thresholds of less than 1% and ⩾ 50%, which correspond to analytical thresholds less than 5% and between 40%-60%. In this paper we describe the development of a deep learn- ing (DL) tool to assist TPS calculation. To confirm ground truth values around the clinical thresholds, we used a validated multiplex immunfluorescence panel including PD-L1, CD68 and cytokeratin. Practically, the DL tool is designed to assist in highlighting cases about these thresholds around the 1% and 50% levels for manual review, and allowing a direct interpretation of inbetween scores. Us- ing such an assisted system, we highlight the potential use of such DL tools in providing a route to future clinical quantitation of tissue-based biomarkers.