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Whole-genome landscapes of 1,364 breast cancers

Automatic identification and feature analysis of Min-ing-Induced surface cracks using an improved DRA-UNet

Spotting viral invaders in koala family trees

24-hour urine chemistry shows higher stone formation risk after malabsorptive than restrictive type bariatric surgery

Abstract Bariatric surgery is effective for obesity management but associated with kidney stone formation. Give the different post-operative physiology between restrictive type and malabsorptive type bariatric surgery, this study aims to compare difference in post-operative lithogenic risk profiles between these surgical types by assessing the postoperative 24-hour urine chemistry profiles. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of consecutive adults undergoing bariatric surgery at a tertiary center in Hong Kong between April 2017 and October 2019. A total number of 35 patients underwent malabsorptive and 55 underwent restrictive procedures. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative 24-hour urine chemistry were assessed within 12 months after surgery. Abnormal urinary parameters were identified, with between-group comparisons performed using Mann–Whitney U and Chi-squared tests. Propensity scores were estimated using selected covariates, and stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied. IPTW-weighted logistic regression was used to compare the odds of abnormal urinary parameters between surgical groups. At 12 months, the malabsorptive group demonstrated significantly higher urinary oxalate and lower urinary creatinine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, citrate, urate, pH, and calcium phosphate activity compared with the restrictive group. The prevalence of hyperoxaluria (51.4% vs. 25.5%, p  = 0.012), hypocitraturia (71.4% vs. 36.4%, p  = 0.001), and acidic urine (54.3% vs. 20.0%, p  = 0.001) was higher in the malabsorptive group. Conversely, hyperuricosuria was more common in restrictive patients (29.1% vs. 11.4%, p  = 0.049). No significant differences were observed for urine volume, sodium, phosphate, or calcium oxalate activity. IPTW-weighted logistic regression demonstrated that malabsorptive procedures were associated with significantly higher odds of hyperoxaluria (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.03–8.44), hypocitraturia (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.40–12.21), hypomagnesuria (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.11–9.57), and acidic urine pH (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.33–10.64). Malabsorptive bariatric surgery is associated with more lithogenic urinary profiles than restrictive surgery, particularly hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia, hypomagnesuria, and acidic urine, underscoring increased risk of postoperative nephrolithiasis. Close monitoring of urinary parameters and multidisciplinary management are recommended to mitigate stone risk.

Biogenic synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous seed extract of Dolichos lablab

Adaptive fusion based deep learning framework for restoring underwater image quality using multi scale attention features

Social-media bans: why corporate fines could backfire

Enhancing anti-inflammatory activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis by upregulating secondary metabolites using suspension cultures techniques

Abstract Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Family Myrtaceae ) is among the most prominent Eucalyptus species, extensively exploited for its anti-inflammatory efficacy. The present study undertakes a comparative phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of leaf and tissue culture (callus) extracts and their corresponding volatile oils. Methanolic extracts from both plant sources were subjected to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), revealing 32 phytoconstituents in leaf extracts and 54 in callus extracts. Identified chemical classes included flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, and phenolic acids, with higher relative abundance in callus-derived extracts. Volatile oil analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) identified 58 compounds in leaf oil and 52 in callus oil. Quantitative profiling demonstrated a significant elevation in bioactive volatiles within callus oil: 1,8-cineole content showed a 2.1-fold increase compared to leaf oil, and both α-terpineol and sabinene exhibited approximately fourfold increases relative to leaf oil. Bioassays further indicated that callus extracts and volatile oils possess enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, exhibiting higher potency than leaf-derived counterparts. Remarkably, the anti-inflammatory activity of callus volatile oil exceeded that of the standard pharmaceutical agent indomethacin. These findings underscore the potential of in vitro tissue culture as a biotechnological tool for amplifying the yield and bioactivity of secondary metabolites in E. camaldulensis .

African science needs to cut reliance on foreign donors

Pharmacological WEE1 inhibition as a strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance in non-seminoma testicular cancer: insights from preclinical models

Sensors are transforming the world — work together to maximize their benefits

A hidden route of exposure: adsorption of endocrine disrupting compounds and chemicals of emerging concern on tire rubber

Street-dog policy in India is barking up the wrong tree

A tri-omics and machine learning framework identifies prognostic biomarkers and metabolic signatures in sepsis

Quantum spinning effect observed in a levitating magnet

Using physical model test and numerical simulation for revealing the mechanism of stope collapse: a case study

Educational Strategies to Prepare Trainees for Clinical Uncertainty

Genetic predisposition to elevated total immunoglobulin E levels defines a distinct adult-onset-predominant asthma phenotype

Abstract Asthma heterogeneity remains a major barrier in precision medicine. Although elevated total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a hallmark of asthma, even in nonatopic patients, its causal role in asthma pathogenesis is debated. We hypothesized that genetic predisposition to increased IgE defines a distinct asthma endotype. A genome-wide association study of total serum IgE in 1,287 non-asthmatic Japanese adults was used to construct IgE polygenic risk scores (IgE_PRS). Applying IgE_PRS to 745 patients with asthma, we performed cluster analysis incorporating age at onset, total IgE levels, IgE_PRS, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (pFEV 1 ), identifying four distinct adult asthma phenotypes. Notably, one cluster had the highest IgE_PRS and adult-onset-predominant type 2 inflammation. Conversely, the second cluster displayed the highest IgE levels but average IgE_PRS. The remaining two clusters comprised patients with lower IgE_PRS. One cluster was characterized by eosinophilia and smoking-related airflow limitation, whereas the other exhibited a type 2 low phenotype. In a 10-year retrospective cohort, over 30% of newly diagnosed asthma cases fell into the genetically predisposed high-IgE_PRS cluster. These findings reveal a distinct adult-onset-predominant asthma phenotype driven by genetically determined IgE production, offering new avenues for endotype-driven diagnosis and personalized therapy.

A Naturally Occurring Gain-of-Function Mutation in Factor VIII

As we breach 1.5 °C, we must replace temperature limits with clean-energy targets