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Photoinduced Disproportionation Enables Oxidative Addition of Aryl Iodides at a Gallium(I) Center

Individualizing ANB angle based on Arab and German orthodontic cephalometric analysis: a cross-sectional multi-center study

Symmetry-Enabled Optical Spin Initialization of Luminescent Organic Radical Doublet States

Ontology-driven energy-efficient SAID framework for 5G and IoT networks using cryptographic techniques

Dynamic Proton Sharing and Second-Sphere Gating Control Catalytic States in [NiFe] Hydrogenase

Experimental and numerical investigation of seepage-heat coupling in a clay core earth-rock dam

Electron Affinity of UF ₆

Mechanistic study and control of coal pillar deformation and failure in gob-side roadways with extra-thick seams and hard roof

Chemically Programmable Liquid-to-Solid Transitions and Spatial Dynamics in Synthetic Coacervates

Pressure transient analysis for detecting leakages along active and abandoned wells

Abstract Leakage out of the target formation is a major risk associated with subsurface wellbores. This study explores feasibility of leakage detection with pressure transient analysis (PTA) in multiple potential leakage scenarios, including induced fractures and casing failures in active and legacy wells, which may become conductive from injection‑induced pressure buildup. A mechanistic well-reservoir model based on a representative offshore Norwegian sandstone reservoir was used in the study. The fluid flow simulation study for a single-phase, isothermal, low-compressible fluid (water) has two parts. The first addresses the mechanisms of induced fracturing and fracture propagation through caprocks, creating out-of-zone leakage risks. Then, it proposes an approach to model fracture propagation into cap-rocks and explores feasibility of early detection of the fracture leakage into cap-rocks with PTA of step-rate tests. The second part examines casing-cement-rock integrity failure mechanisms with focus on behind-casing leakage or crossflow detection with PTA. A dedicated modeling approach for behind-casing leakage resulted in revealing pressure derivative signatures associated with the leakage from the flow simulations, confirming feasibility of the leakage detection from PTA of shut-ins responses of active and abandoned wells. The monitoring approach considered in the study relies on real-time pressure data from permanent downhole gauges (PDGs) installed in active wells or wireless PDGs in abandoned wells, interpreted with the PTA methods evaluated. Results from the simulated cases have demonstrated the feasibility of the PTA methods to detect leakage with a possibility to approximately assess leakage rates in some cases, with the assessment accuracy decreasing with declining leakage rate. The feasibility study results are valid for the cases considered and the assumptions taken, and further testing and validation of the PTA methods using field data is a necessary next step in maturation of the interpretation methodology presented.

Bayesian calibration of rheological parameters for predicting displacement evolution of a dump slope in open pit mining

Dynamic Valence-State-Adaptive Ta Single-Atom Sites for Artificial H ₂ O ₂ Photosynthesis

Enhancing spent hen meat quality using sous vide cooking and proteolytic fruits

Abstract This study investigated the effectiveness of sous-vide cooking (SVC) combined with proteolytic enzyme-rich fruit mashes (fig and papaya) in improving the quality characteristics of spent hen drumsticks. Five treatment groups were evaluated: control (DC), distilled water plus sous-vide (DDW), fig mash plus sous-vide (DF), papaya mash plus sous-vide (DP), and a combined fig–papaya mash plus sous-vide treatment (DFP). Physicochemical, technological, textural, microbiological, microstructural, and sensory properties were analyzed. Cooking loss ranged from 27.62 to 39.24%, with the lowest value observed in DDW and the highest in DF, while yield varied between 60.76 and 72.38%. Water-holding capacity ranged from 15.05 to 20.63%, with DDW and DP exhibiting superior retention properties. Fruit mash treatments significantly reduced meat pH and altered color characteristics compared with the control. Texture profile analysis demonstrated substantial tenderization effects, as hardness decreased from 25.83 N in the control to 7.21 N in DFP, accompanied by significant reductions in gumminess and chewiness. Although DF and DFP did not differ statistically in hardness, the combined treatment exhibited the lowest numerical value, indicating the greatest tenderizing effect. Microstructural examination confirmed pronounced degradation of muscle fibers and enlargement of interfibrillar spaces in enzyme-treated samples. Microbiological analyses showed that mash-assisted sous-vide treatments effectively maintained low microbial counts throughout processing. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences among treatments in odor, color, flavor, or overall acceptability, although texture scores were affected by treatment type. Overall, the combination of proteolytic fruit mashes and sous-vide cooking, particularly the fig–papaya treatment, proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing tenderness and technological quality of spent hen drumsticks while preserving consumer acceptability.

High-Precision Intrinsic Interactome Elucidation of Chimeric Antigen Receptors via Photocatalytic Micromapping (μMap-CAR)

Co-application of SiO2 nanoparticles and epibrassinolide enhances salt stress tolerance in Cucumis sativus

Adherence to strong recommendations of the German Polytrauma Guideline: an analysis of TraumaRegister DGU data over a decade

Abstract The treatment of severely injured patients requires complex pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency interventions. The German Guideline on the Treatment of Multiple and/or Severe Injuries (‘German Polytrauma Guideline’) was developed to provide a standardized, evidence-based treatment approach for this purpose. High guideline adherence is supposed to positively affect quality of care and patient outcomes. The aim of this study is to quantify the adherence to the strong recommendations of the German Polytrauma Guideline in a sample of patients treated at all German trauma centres using data from the TraumaRegister DGU (TR-DGU, Trauma Registry) from over a decade (2011–2022). All strong recommendations from the 2016 version of the German Polytrauma Guideline that could be operationalised in the TR-DGU were selected. Adherence to these recommendations was examined for a population of adults (≥ 16 years) with severe injuries (injury severity score ≥ 16) who were directly admitted to a German trauma centre in the period of 2011–2022 and for whom TR-DGU data were available ( N  = 141,073). Adherence rates were calculated at the recommendation level. We found acceptable adherence rates for most of the investigated recommendations in the pre-hospital and in-hospital trauma data combined. Poor adherence rates were observed for pre-hospital decompression of tension pneumothoraxes, pre-hospital administration of tranexamic acid (TXA), exploratory thoracotomy in hemodynamically unstable patients with penetrating injuries, and decompression of space-occupying intracranial injuries. Our results indicate that many of the strong recommendations of the German Polytrauma Guideline are adhered to in the pre-hospital and in-hospital care of severely injured patients in Germany. We have also identified recommendations where measures should be taken to improve adherence. These results need to be interpreted in the context of the limitations of registry-based studies. The present study is registered as TRDGU project ID 2,023,008 and follows the publication guidelines of the TraumaRegister DGU.

Observing Kinetic Selectivity in Anthracene Photodimerization through Selective Quenching by Excited States of Proximate Rare Earth Cations

A quasi-oscillatory semidecadal cycle in Northern Hemisphere seasonal networks

Abstract The relationships among tropical and extratropical climate modes in different seasons and the accumulative influences are not fully understood. After removing time-varying climatological averages, this study identified a semidecadal cycle in two tropical climate modes, namely the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A regression of the nonseasonal convective activity of the Indo-Pacific warm pool on seasonal sea surface temperature gradients associated with the autumntime IOD and subsequent wintertime ENSO, indicated that the spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Asian-Pacific summer monsoons have a strong relationship before and 1 year after convection peaks. The seasonal Network on Decadal Echo (NODE) was noted to exhibit quasi-oscillatory characteristics, particularly during negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases. A semidecadal NODE is associated with a strong North Pacific center of action within the AO during a negative AMO phase. By contrast, during a positive AMO phase, the AO’s influence on the NODE cycle weakens or disappears. During NODE cycles, a stronger monsoon Hadley cell following a negative spring AO is associated with a weaker oceanic trough in the western North Pacific (WNP) and suppressed tropical convection, favoring a negative IOD in autumn and a La Niña winter. Conversely, a positive AO leads to a deeper WNP trough and a weaker monsoon Hadley cell in summer, resulting in a positive IOD and an El Niño winter. The AO–monsoon Hadley cell–IOD and AO–WNP trough–ENSO relationships identified in this study provide process insights into mechanisms governing seasonal networks. Furthermore, multidecadal state-dependent oscillatory NODE cycles shed light on potential for hemispheric accumulation.

Stereoselective C1-Arylation of Native Sugars via Ligand-Promoted Nickel Catalysis

Cognitive structure and progression in Parkinson’s disease: insights from a tablet-based assessment

Abstract Cognitive impairment is an important constraint for PwPD with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD). Digital assessments potentially provide more accessible measurements and obtain a richer set of data than traditional paper–pencil-based instruments. Open-source generation can support the availability of comparable assessments in different cohorts. A digital, tablet-based cognitive assessment (DiCo) comprising 13 distinct tests was implemented as an open-source tool, expanding on available frameworks. Commonly used tests were selected to cover response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, attention, and working memory. After extensive usability testing, the DiCo was applied in participants without overt cognitive impairment. 97 participants (43% women) completed the entire DiCo. Clustering of DiCo feature correlations and conditional dependencies indicated a predominantly mutual organization of cognitive performance in PwPD. Exploratory factor analysis identified five interrelated latent factors. Most factors were derived from individual tests and correlated moderately with traditional neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. Machine learning identified a test of working memory (N-back) as the most predictive feature for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Latent profile analysis revealed four cognitive subgroups, mainly reflecting severity. The open-source digital cognitive assessment established in this study showed good usability by PwPD. The observed overlap between individual DiCo features and MoCA and FAB scores may inform future reduced task sets for research or selected clinical settings.