Ethaline deep eutectic solvent under nanoconfinement: Unveiling structural and dynamical changes

Abstract

Hybrid nanomaterials incorporating deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in porous hosts or at solid interfaces are gaining increasing attention for their potential interest across a wide range of applications. Under these conditions, the performances of DESs may be influenced by interfacial effects and spatial restrictions. In this study, we examined the effects of nanoconfinement on both the structure and molecular dynamics of the prototypical DES ethaline (a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol) when confined within the cylindrical mesopores of SBA-15 (Dp ≈ 8.1 nm) and MCM-41 (Dp ≈ 3.5 nm) silicas, using neutron diffraction and quasielastic neutron scattering. It demonstrates that ethaline remains structurally homogeneous under confinement, showing no evidence of core–shell segregation within the pore cross section. The molecular dynamics of the confined ethaline preserve the key characteristics observed in its bulk state. Translational diffusion follows a jump-diffusion mechanism, with diffusion coefficients that remain remarkably close to the bulk values, showing only a modest reduction in MCM-41. A more pronounced increase in the residence time τ0 between translational molecular jumps is observed. It corresponds to roughly a factor of 3–8 under confinement in SBA-15 and reaches up to a tenfold enhancement in MCM-41 relative to bulk. Similarly, the characteristic relaxation time, τL, associated with the localized in-cage motion of ethaline, increases by ∼20% in SBA-15 and up to 50% in MCM-41. However, the molecular trajectories, modeled from the elastic incoherent structure factor, remain largely preserved under confinement, showing only a marginal reduction in intra-basin motional amplitudes.