Relay Storage of Protons and Zinc Ions Enables Practical High‐Mass‐Loading Organic Electrodes
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rechargeable Zn–organic batteries hold great promise for sustainable energy storage, yet most reported high performances are achieved only at low mass loadings (2–3 mg cm −2 ), far from practical application. Here, we investigate poly(benzoquinonyl sulfide) (PBQS) electrodes working in a water‐in‐salt electrolyte and reveal that PBQS first undergoes faradaic proton insertion during discharge, which is subsequently displaced by Zn 2+ , releasing protons back into the electrolyte. This dynamic relay allows a small amount of H + to cycle repeatedly, acting as a kinetic buffer that offset the sluggish diffusion of Zn 2+ . Owing to this mechanism and PBQS's high conductivity, a low‐carbon (10 wt.%) PBQS electrode with an ultrahigh mass loading of 100 mg cm −2 delivers a capacity of 187.1 mAh g −1 (∼96% of low‐loading capacity) and achieves a record areal capacity of 18 mAh cm −2 . The electrode also exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling stability, suggesting its strong potential for practical applications.
Article Details
Authors (12)
Xiaomeng Yu
Shouyi Yuan
Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai China
Lei Yan
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Taoyi Kong
Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai China
Kang Zhou
Yae Qi
Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Fudan University Shanghai China
Qiang Zhu
School of Science and Molecular Horizons, ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Biotechnology
Zhi Li
Penglin Wang
National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Engineering Research Center of Salt Lake Resources Process Engineering Ministry of Education East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
Shuai Gu
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science
Jing Ma
State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry
Yonggang Wang
Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, Laboratory of Advanced Materials