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Electrolyte‐Replacement‐Free Continuous Electrocatalytic Desalination Coupled With CO ₂ Reduction at Record Throughput and Low Cost

ABSTRACT Integrating seawater desalination with electrocatalytic reactions offers an attractive pathway to address freshwater scarcity and reduce emissions simultaneously. However, practical implementation has been impeded by slow desalination, electrolyte degradation, and frequent electrolyte replacement, all of which increase operating costs and limit scalability. Here, we report a continuous electrocatalytic desalination system driven by CO 2 electroreduction that fundamentally eliminates the need for electrolyte replacement via a self‐balancing circulating electrolyte architecture. A five‐chamber cell incorporating a salt‐concentration chamber and an interconnected anolyte–catholyte loop enables sustained ion transport while suppressing byproduct accumulation. Coupled with a highly active nanorod cobalt phthalocyanine/carboxylated carbon nanotube catalyst, the device delivers high current density and stable CO 2 ‐to‐CO conversion. Using natural seawater, the cell achieves an ultrafast salt removal rate of 1592.8 µg cm − 2 min − 1 over 90 h of continuous operation without electrolyte replacement, representing one of the highest values reported for electrocatalytic desalination. Simultaneously, CO production proceeds with a Faradaic efficiency of 95.5%–96.4% and a production rate exceeding 683 µmol cm − 2 h − 1 . The desalinated water reaches potable standards with >99% salt removal, while techno‐economic analysis reveals a drastic reduction in daily electrolyte costs. This work establishes a scalable strategy for high‐throughput, low‐cost desalination integrated with CO 2 valorization.

An integrative redescription of the copepod Tracheliastes polycolpus (Lernaeopodidae) based on ultrastructure, COI barcoding, and Palearctic distribution

Merging Biocatalysis and Chemocatalysis in Flow: State‐of‐the‐Art and Future Directions for Sustainable Synthesis

ABSTRACT The growing demand for complex molecules continues to drive innovation in organic synthesis, yet challenges in sustainability, selectivity, scalability, and harsh reaction conditions persist. Enzymes offer exquisite chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivity under mild conditions, while chemocatalysis provides robust and versatile reactivity. However, integrating these approaches into streamlined processes remains difficult due to incompatible conditions and operational constraints. Continuous flow chemistry offers a promising solution by enabling the efficient combination of biocatalysis and chemocatalysis, while improving atom economy, reaction control, scalability, and energy efficiency. This review highlights key advances up to 2025 in merging enzymatic and chemical steps into streamlined continuous flow cascades. It analyzes examples involving various enzyme classes—hydrolases, oxidoreductases, lyases, transferases, and isomerases—used alongside chemical catalysts. Major challenges such as enzyme immobilization, catalyst leaching, and reactor clogging are discussed, along with innovative solutions. The review also discusses how advanced enzyme engineering and immobilization strategies enhance biocatalyst activity, stability, and compatibility with chemical steps. By outlining recent progress and future directions, this review emphasizes how the integration of biocatalysis, chemocatalysis, and flow chemistry can foster more sustainable and efficient synthetic methodologies, particularly relevant to the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.

RNAlater-compatible protocol for nuclei isolation from radical prostatectomy prostate cancer resections, enabling single-nucleus resolution RNA-seq

Photoactivated Signaling Networks using DNA‐Based Synthetic Organelles as Biomimetic Protocells

ABSTRACT Membraneless organelles formed by phase‐separated nucleic acid or protein condensates play vital roles in regulating cellular functions. Integrating such synthetic organelles into protocell carriers remains a key challenge. Here, we introduce a method to assemble functional phase‐separated organelles within liposome protocells. Pre‐engineered nucleic acids are encapsulated with ligase in locked‐DNA‐nanopore modified protocells. Upon nanopore unlocking and Mg 2+ influx, the nucleic acid constituents ligate into programmable polymer chains that crosslink into barcode‐modified condensates. Photoresponsive, caged nucleic acids hybridize with barcode tethers on two distinct organelles, forming a functional two‐organelle system in the protocells. Light‐induced uncaging releases an information‐transfer strand from one organelle, triggering intercommunication and reconfiguration of the partner organelle. By predesigning organelle compositions and transfer strands, the emergence of catalytic DNAzymes or transcriptional machinery in the organelle/protocell assemblies is demonstrated, resulting in dynamic structural reconfiguration of the organelles.

Restorative effects of plant landscapes under different weather and phenology conditions: evidence from EEG and psychological responses

Imaging subsurface structures near wells in the northwest Geysers geothermal site

Abstract Vapor-dominated geothermal systems provide a reliable, low-carbon source of heat and electricity, but optimizing their exploitation requires high-resolution imaging of fracture networks and fluid pathways at the reservoir scale. We analyze a dense microseismic cluster in the northwestern Geysers (California), selecting 1,276 induced earthquakes recorded between 2006 and 2015. Using inter-event interferometry and fast-marching surface-wave tomography, we retrieve Rayleigh wave phase velocities on horizontal layers at 100 m spacing and jointly invert them with previously derived local group velocities to obtain a quasi-3D shear-wave (Vs) model at ~ 100 × 100 × 10 m blocks. The resulting Vs models reveal three main types of low-velocity anomalies: (I) fault-related zones associated with fracturing and hydrothermal alteration, (II) shallow steam-cap and normal-temperature-reservoir (NTR) boundary transitions spanning depths of ~ 900–1400 m, exhibiting sharp Vs contrasts due to thermal and fluid effects, and (III) injection/engineering-related anomalies characterized by localized or vertically elongated low Vs patches. Integrating these results with induced microseismicity provides valuable insights into fracture activity, fluid migration, and stress evolution within the geothermal reservoir.

Lead‐Based Metal‐Organic‐Framework Engineering Enables the Efficiency of Pure‐Red Perovskite CsPbI ₃ Quantum Dot‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes Exceeding 30%

ABSTRACT CsPbI 3 quantum dots (QDs) are promising for meeting the Rec. 2020 specified red emission but still face the issue of color impurity caused by QD polydispersity. Here we develop a facile approach to synthesize nearly monodisperse and sub‐5 nm‐sized CsPbI 3 QDs by regulating QD growth using a lead‐based metal‐organic framework (Pb‐MOF). The multidentate ligands, 2‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐5‐thiazoleaceticacid (MMA), released from the Pb‐MOFs strongly adsorb onto the QD surface through double‐end coordination with exposed Pb 2+ , effectively reducing non‐radiative recombination centers. Moreover, the QDs synthesized with Pb‐MOFs show a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 31 nm and high conductivity (1.3 × 10 −4  S m −1 ), which are about 10 nm narrower, and 2.5‐fold higher than that of the control QDs, respectively. As a result, the QD‐based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) based on CsPbI 3 QDs emits at 634 nm with a CIE coordinate of (0.70, 0.30), covering 98.5% of the Rec. 2020 standard in the CIE 1931. Meanwhile, the QLEDs show a high external quantum efficiency of 30.8% and a long operational half‐lifetime ( T 50 ) exceeding 140 h at an initial luminance of 100 cd m −2 , ranking as one of the most efficient and stable pure‐red perovskite QLEDs reported to date.

Accurately modeling resting-brain functional connectivity using hypergraph neural field-Fourier deep neural network

Structurally Constrained Stibenium: Metallomimetic C−Si Bond Activation

ABSTRACT The chemistry of structurally constrained pnictogen centers continues to attract interest within the field of metallomimetic main‐group catalysis. Herein, we report a structurally constrained stibenium cation [ 1 ] + supported by a 2,6‐bis(o‐carborano)pyridine pincer‐type ligand. This unique Sb‐based cation exhibits an unprecedented ability to activate the Si−C bonds via oxidative addition not only in hydrosilanes but also in otherwise unreactive tetraalkylsilanes. This remarkable reactivity of [ 1 ] + enables its application as a catalyst for silane redistribution under mild conditions. Experimental and density functional theory (DFT) mechanistic studies of this catalysis suggest that [ 1 ] + operates in a metallomimetic fashion, involving key steps commonly associated with transition‐metal catalysis.

Schleyer hyperconjugative aromaticity as an efficient strategy to induce more delocalization in penguinone and thiopenguinone derivatives: a DFT investigation

Interface‐Engineered Electron‐Deficient Nickel Species for Efficient Depolymerization of Polyethylene Terephthalate

ABSTRACT Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most abundant polyester plastic. Its chemical recycling mainly relies on homogeneous catalysis, often suffering from difficult catalyst separation and substantial waste generation. Previous work using heterogeneous catalysts has primarily focused on increasing Lewis acidity through variation of metal oxide types to improve performance, but catalyst activity remains limited. Here, we adopt an alternative strategy for modulating Lewis acidity with enhanced control by systematically tuning electronic properties of structurally versatile Ni active sites. Nickel can readily form intermetallics and layered double hydroxide (LDH) derivatives, providing substantial flexibility for modulating its electronic structure. We establish an electron‐deficiency–dependent activity framework and discover a Ni 3 Ga/NiAlO x  catalyst that exhibits unexpectedly high activity, surpassing more strongly Lewis‐acidic fully oxidized Ni species and delivering an order‐of‐magnitude activity enhancement compared with conventional Lewis‐acidic oxides. This high activity originates from electron‐deficient interfacial Ni sites where electron withdrawal from O in LDH‐derived NiAlO x  and electron donation from Ga in intermetallic Ni 3 Ga result in appropriate Lewis acidity, enabling near‐quantitative dimethyl terephthalate recovery from post‐consumer PET. Theoretical and experimental validation suggests that such bidirectional electronic modulation balances substrate activation and product desorption, thereby maximizing catalytic efficiency. The catalyst is prepared via an industrially‐established co‐precipitation method and is readily scalable.

A multimodal multi-label deep learning framework with temporal attention for detection of upper-limb motor activities for prosthetic control

Regulating Mechano‐Electrochemical Process for Uniform Lithium‐Ion Extraction in Ni‐Rich Single‐Crystal Cathodes

ABSTRACT Both mechanical and electrochemical processes critically govern the performance of single‐crystal Ni‐rich cathodes of lithium‐ion batteries. Although electrochemically induced lattice defects are widely regarded as detrimental to cycling stability, mechanically introduced defects during electrode fabrication are commonly assumed to be similarly harmful. Contrary to this prevailing assumption, we demonstrate that although mechanical compression does introduce various structural defects, transmission electron microscopy reveals that these pre‐existed defects are self‐passivated during cycling and contribute negligibly to degradation. Instead, densification process unexpectedly enhances both cycling stability and rate capability, primarily due to reduced porosity and improved electronic connectivity. We further identify that capacity degradation is dominated by lattice distortions arising from rapid c ‐axis contraction during the H2‐H3 phase transition, which triggers strain accumulation, planar gliding, and crack propagation — all of which are significantly alleviated in densified electrodes. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate these findings, showing compact electrode structure promotes more uniform lithium‐ion extraction and mitigates stress concentration, thereby preserving the cathode's layered structure. These findings reveal the mechano‐electrochemical coupling from electrode to lattice level, providing a multiscale perspective to optimize electrode manufacturing for durable high‐energy batteries.

Mapping Mpox vaccine hesitancy using an integrated machine learning and structural equation modeling approach

Stepwise Kinetics Promotion for High‐Rate Aqueous Zn Metal Batteries

ABSTRACT Metallic zinc anodes in aqueous zinc batteries suffer from uncontrolled dendrite growth and parasitic side reactions, leading to poor cycling stability, especially under high‐rate and high‐capacity conditions. Herein, we proposed a stepwise kinetics promotion process to achieve high‐rate and durable Zn metal anodes, in which the desolvation, bulk transfer, and deposition steps of Zn 2+ are systematically considered and synergistically regulated. Experimental and computational analyses reveal that N‐methyl morpholine‐N‐oxide (NMMO) molecular regulator captures—rather than substitutes—coordinated water molecules in the Zn 2+ solvation sheath, thereby suppressing Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution without increasing desolvation barriers. Furthermore, the strong interaction between NMMO and free water reconstructs the hydrogen‐bond network, creating an unimpeded proton‐transport channel that accelerates Zn 2+ bulk transfer. Additionally, the preferential adsorption of the NMMO molecule on non‐(101) Zn facets promotes the selective exposure of highly active Zn (101) texture, boosting Zn deposition kinetics. Consequently, Zn||Zn symmetrical cell delivers exceptional lifespan— over 6100 h at 5 mA cm −2 and 1300 h at 30 mA cm −2 —with low overpotentials. Notably, the Zn anodes still maintain stable cycling even at a 70% depth of discharge and ensure stable operation of full cells with a low negative/positive capacity ratio of 2.1.

Joint full waveform inversion and source localization of virtual and actual passive source seismic data

Amorphous MoO _x Interfaces Activate Pt Nanoclusters for Ultralow‐Overpotential Chlorine Evolution

ABSTRACT Direct seawater electrolysis offers a pathway to co‐produce hydrogen and industrial chlorine, yet chlorine evolution at low chloride concentrations is limited by sluggish halide activation and rapid Pt dissolution under oxidative conditions. Here we show that in situ amorphization of molybdenum oxide dynamically reconstructs the metal–support electronic interface, generating Pt nanoclusters with cooperatively enhanced electronic metal–support interaction and lattice tensile strain. This electronically reconfigured interface simultaneously strengthens chloride adsorption, stabilizes Pt against chloro‐complex dissolution, and promotes early formation of reactive Pt–Cl intermediates. As a result, the amorphous‐interface catalyst achieves nearly 100% chlorine selectivity, an overpotential of only 65 mV at 10 mA cm −2 in seawater, and a mass activity 26‐fold higher than Pt/C. Operando Raman spectroscopy reveals pre‐equilibrium halide activation preceding chlorine evolution, consistent with a Volmer–Tafel mechanism enabled by adjacent electronically coupled Pt sites. These findings establish amorphization‐induced electronic interface engineering as a powerful strategy to simultaneously activate, stabilize, and synergistically accelerate electrocatalytic halogen evolution.

Optimized N-deque partition dual-deque merge string sorting algorithm

Modulating Intermediate Adsorption and Interfacial Water Structure to Unlock the Potential of Nickel for Ammonia Electrosynthesis and Zn‐NO ₃ ⁻ Battery

ABSTRACT Metallic Ni stands out to be a promising electrocatalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 RR) to ammonia (NH 3 ), yet is bottlenecked by limited water dissociation kinetics for active hydrogen (*H) supply particularly at low potentials and insufficient adsorption/activation capability toward NO 3 − . We unveil for the first time that NO 3 RR performance of Ni can be activated by synergistic unconventional phase design and alloying engineering. Specifically, anomalous hcp Ni with Cu alloying (NiCu‐hcp) is readily engineered via a facile metal–organic frameworks mediated route. Impressively, the NiCu‐hcp can deliver prominent NO 3 RR performance with record NH 3 yield rate of 2.24 mmol h − 1 cm − 2 and Faradaic efficiency of 98.3% at −0.4 V versus RHE, favorably rivaling the state‐of‐the‐art ones. Moreover, integrating NiCu‐hcp into Zn‐NO 3 − battery delivers eminently high power density of 23.9 mW cm − 2 . From experimental and theoretical studies, unusual hcp phase together with Cu alloying engineering over Ni can regulate interfacial water structure for facilitated dissociation to generate *H, and meanwhile, manipulate electronic state, thereby promoting NO 3 − affinity/activation and lowering Gibbs free energy barrier of the rate‐determining step (*NO→*NOH). This contribution presents a new paradigm to unlock the potential of Ni for NO 3 RR via elegant unusual phase design synergistic with alloying engineering.