Browse Articles

Machine learning-assisted high-speed combinatorial optimization with Ising machines for dynamically changing problems

Reconstructing building genealogy with visual intelligence

Atmospheric microplastic deposition in high-altitude snowpacks across Türkiye

Giant bulk photovoltaic effect in an iron-based magnetic semiconductor

Abstract Efficient bulk photovoltaic (BPV) conversion and room-temperature ferromagnetism are difficult to combine, because the itinerant electrons that support magnetic order favor metallic transport, whereas BPV generation requires a semiconducting state with broken inversion symmetry. Here, we show that oxygen-plasma implantation transforms metallic Fe 3 GaTe 2 into a ferromagnetic semiconductor with a giant BPV response, enabling zero-bias photocurrent generation in a non-centrosymmetric lattice. Oxygen incorporation localizes itinerant Fe d -electrons, induces p-type semiconducting transport and polar electronic structure, while oxygen-associated exchange pathways allow persistent ferromagnetic state above room temperature. The resulting devices exhibit spontaneous broadband photoresponse, with short-circuit current densities approaching 30 A cm −2 and a BPV coefficient up to 0.25 V −1 . The photovoltaic current can be linearly programmed by low magnetic fields based on field-dependent magnetoresistive modulation. Using the experimentally calibrated device response, we demonstrate magnetically programmable feature separation and image restoration with 92.3% recognition accuracy, establishing oxygen-engineered Fe 3 GaTe 2 as a platform for self-powered, reconfigurable magnetic optoelectronics.

Machine learning-based identification of a metabolic cell death gene signature for assessing disease activity and immunological landscape in inflammatory bowel disease

Programming Palladium Cage Geometry through Ligand Redox Modulation

ABSTRACT Incorporating redox active ligands into coordination cages offers a direct way to reach architectures whose structure or composition can be modulated in response to changes in the oxidation state. An exTTF‐based ditopic ligand L affords a M 2 L 4 cage in presence of a palladium(II) salt (M). The resulting M 2 L 4 cavity exhibits selective binding properties for medium length α,ω‐dinitrile alkanes. Modifying the coordination geometry of the ligand by oxidation to its L ox state redirects the self‐assembly process toward a M 2 L ox 2 structure. The oxidized ligand can also be combined with a dibenzothiophene linker (L′) to afford a heteroleptic M 2 L ox L′ 2 structure whose vacant coordination sites enable subsequent dimerization into an unprecedented M 4 L 4 L′ 4 architecture. Key intermediates and products were structurally authenticated by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. Notably, these processes are reversible. Reduction converts the M 2 L ox L′ 2 assembly back to the homoleptic M 2 L 4 cage. This sequence illustrates how changes of oxidation state can reshape nuclearity and composition in metal organic assemblies.

Research and application of production release process optimization for low permeability condensate gas reservoirs in the East China Sea

Solar‐Driven Ammonia Synthesis From Nitrate Reduction Paired With CO ₂ Capture for Sustainable Agriculture via a Robust CuPd Heterojunction

ABSTRACT The transition to sustainable agriculture requires technologies that simultaneously enhance crop yields and reduce environmental impacts. Solar‐driven nitrate valorization, when coupled with CO 2 capture from industrial flue gas, presents a promising dual strategy for producing high‐value fertilizers while mitigating carbon emissions. However, its practical implementation is hindered by two interrelated challenges: (i) the intermittent nature of solar irradiation and (ii) the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which severely compromises Faradaic efficiency (FE) of desired nitrogenous products. Here, we address these challenges by designing a heterogeneous CuPd electrocatalyst featuring an amorphous/crystalline heterojunction. This catalyst suppresses HER across a broad potential window (−0.4 to −1.4 V), maintaining >80% FE(ammonia) for >100 h. The catalytic robustness enables stable solar‐powered electrolysis even under low irradiation (0.4 sun), achieving >70% FE(ammonia) and 6% solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency, while catholyte simultaneously captures CO 2 at a rate of 6–20 mg h −1 . Techno‐economic analysis demonstrates cost competitiveness against biological counterparts. When applied to plant cultivation, this artificial photosynthesis system boosts solar‐to‐biomass conversion efficiency by 3.5‐fold compared to natural photosynthesis. By unifying solar energy harvesting, waste nitrate reduction, and carbon sequestration, our work provides a scalable blueprint for a closed‐loop agrochemical ecosystem and advanced catalyst design for intermittent renewable‐powered electrosynthesis.

Wheat spike and spikelet detection and counting from high-resolution digital imagery using YOLO with Oriented Bounding Boxes

Asymmetric Fe–Te Pairs Enhance Peroxymonosulfate Activation via Surface‐Bound Hydroxyl Radicals Pathways

ABSTRACT Controlling peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation at the atomic scale is crucial for steering reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways, yet design principles that selectively bias PMS chemistry toward interfacial radical states remain elusive. Herein, we report an asymmetric Fe–Te dual‐atom pair (FeTe DAs/NC), in which a p‐block metalloid electronically modulates an Fe center through pronounced p–d hybridization. This atomic asymmetry reconstructs the local electronic structure, strengthens PMS binding, and directs PMS activation toward the generation and retention of surface‐bound hydroxyl radicals. Mechanistic studies reveal surface‐bound hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) as the dominant ROS, while singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) plays a secondary role. As a result, FeTe DAs/NC achieves complete degradation of carbamazepine within 60 min, markedly outperforming Fe or Te single‐atom analogs, together with excellent reactivity and cycling stability across different water matrices and pollutant systems. This work establishes atomic‐scale asymmetry and metal–metalloid p–d coupling as an effective strategy for steering PMS activation chemistry toward long‐lived interfacial radical states.

Sustainable closed-loop supply chain management for a two-warehouse system with trade-credit and emissions constraints under dynamic demand

An Ultrastable Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework With Two‐Dimensional Pores for Rapid Adsorption Kinetics and Efficient Xe/Kr Separation

ABSTRACT Developing hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) for highly efficient Xe/Kr separation is an attractive alternative for producing high‐purity noble gases. However, its practical application is hampered by insufficient binding sites and intrinsically slow adsorption kinetics. We herein report a microporous HOF (HOF‐TBPDM) featuring the unique two‐dimensional (2D) and size‐matched pore architecture, which enables the rapid diffusion of Xe and high‐efficiency Xe/Kr separation. Specifically, HOF‐TBPDM achieves a high Xe uptake and a record Xe/Kr IAST selectivity (26.9) at 298 K and 1 bar. Especially, the kinetic adsorption results confirm the 2D pores lead to the rapid Xe diffusion rate. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate that after one cycle of separation operation 4.8 mol kg −1 high‐purity Kr (>99.99%) and 1.0 mol kg −1 Xe (>99.9%) can be directly obtained. The dynamic selectivity calculated from desorption process is as high as 16.5, which exceeds all the reported porous organic materials. Gas‐loaded crystal data combined with molecular modeling clearly reveal that the size‐matched pores within HOF‐TBPDM induce a stronger polarization effect on Xe than Kr, leading to preferential binding of Xe molecules. Overall, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of 2D pore in HOFs for balancing thermodynamic adsorption and kinetic diffusion, providing a viable strategy for advanced Xe/Kr separation.

Study on wind resistance performance of high-rise corridor building based on quasi-steady static aeroelastic analysis method

Helical Ladder Bottlebrush Polymers With Tunable Helicity and Circularly Polarized Luminescence

ABSTRACT Helical ladder polymers possess rigid, helically fused backbones that confer distinctive chiroptical properties, yet their integration into polymer brush architectures remains highly challenging. Here, we report the first synthesis of bottlebrush polymers with a helically fused ladder backbone, achieved through acid‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization followed by controlled ATRP grafting‐from polymerization. By integrating a single‐handed ladder scaffold with flexible, water‐soluble PNIPAM side chains, the resulting architecture markedly enhances the processability and structural tunability of helical ladder polymers. Moreover, the traditional helical ladder, long regarded as completely rigid and static, has been found to exhibit dynamic transition properties. This change was caused by conformational triggering of the thermally driven binaphthyl dihedral angles, which was quantitatively confirmed by the thermodynamic dynamics and molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrating the hierarchy of the transition from axial chirality to helical chirality. Overall, this work establishes a promising synthetic method for helical ladder bottlebrush polymers and demonstrates their potential as versatile platforms for designing dynamic chiral materials.

Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata Y-2 from Leymus chinensis

A Circular and Tacticity‐Independent Crystalline Mono‐Substituted Nylon‐6 Platform: Unexpected Large Positional Effects on Crystallizability and Performance

ABSTRACT Seeking recyclable, more sustainable alternatives to nylon 6 has drawn much attention, but achieving its variants with both crystallinity and enhanced recyclability still remains a challenge. Here, by utilizing bio‐derivable mono‐substituted racemic lactam monomers, we reveal surprisingly large effects of methyl substitution positions on the nylon‐6 backbone on crystallizability, thermomechanical performance, and recyclability of the resulting atactic nylon‐6 variants. While γ‐methyl substitution gives an amorphous nylon, all other four methyl‐substitution positions (α, β, δ, and ε) afford, unexpectedly, crystalline nylons with melting temperatures ranging from 145°C to 200°C and tunable mechanical performance from being stiff and strong (α, ε) to ductile (β, δ). Investigations reveal that the crystallinity of atactic nylons arises independently of stereoregularity, which is driven by the amide backbone with robust hydrogen‐bonding interactions and countered by the chain flexibility regulated by the substitution position. These nylons can be chemically recycled back to their parent monomers with high isolated yields up to 92%, enabling a circular, tacticity‐independent crystalline nylon platform.

The root exudates of wild tomato compared to a modern variety maintain elevated soluble soil phosphorous by interacting with rhizosphere microbiota

Freestanding Ordered Intermetallic Nanomembranes Released from Etchable Oxide Templates

Geminal Difunctionalization of Ketones via C─S Bond Insertion of Photogenerated Donor–Donor Diazo Compounds

ABSTRACT Geminal difunctionalization of carbonyl‐derived building blocks represents a versatile strategy for the rapid generation of sp 3 ‐rich molecular architectures. In this context, diazo compounds provide a powerful platform for installing two distinct functional groups, yet the reaction space for carbonyl‐derived donor–donor diazo systems remains underdeveloped. Here, we report a metal‐free migratory insertion of diazo compounds into C─S bonds of sulfonyl cyanides, enabling the simultaneous installation of sulfone and nitrile functionalities at a single carbon center. Key to this transformation is the in situ generation of highly reactive diazo intermediates via photochemical decomposition of bench‐stable oxadiazolines derived from ketones. This substantially expands the accessible coupling partner space, previously limited to aldehydes or boronic acids. The reaction exhibits broad functional group, water, and air tolerance, delivers high yields, and provides excellent diastereoselectivity in constrained cyclic systems. Compatibility with both batch and continuous‐flow processing, as well as its application to a realistic medicinal chemistry combinatorial library synthesis, highlights the practical utility of the method.

Anatomical and clinical factors associated with multiple-stage embolization of brain arteriovenous malformation as a stand alone treatment