Browse Articles

On computing extended graph energies and their thermodynamic properties for benzenoid hydrocarbons

Geographically weighted regression analysis of cesarean delivery using the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019

The science behind the first pig-organ transplant trial in humans

Molecular interactions, structural effects, and binding affinities between silver ions (Ag+) and amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides

Abstract Because silver is toxic to microbes, but not considered toxic to humans, the metal has been used as an antimicrobial agent since ancient times. Today, silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver are used for antibacterial purposes, and silver-peptide and similar complexes are being developed as therapeutic agents. Yet, the health effects of silver exposure are not fully understood, nor are the molecular details of silver-protein interactions. In Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia worldwide, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides aggregate to form soluble oligomers that are neurotoxic. Here, we report that monovalent silver ions (Ag+) bind wildtype Aβ40 peptides with a binding affinity of 25 ± 12 µM in MES buffer at 20 °C. Similar binding affinities are observed for wt Aβ40 peptides bound to SDS micelles, for an Aβ40(H6A) mutant, and for a truncated Aβ(4–40) variant containing an ATCUN (Amino Terminal Cu and Ni) motif. Weaker Ag+ binding is observed for the wt Aβ40 peptide at acidic pH, and for an Aβ40 mutant without histidines. These results are compatible with Ag+ ions binding to the N-terminal segment of Aβ peptides with linear bis-his coordination. Because the Ag+ ions do not induce any changes in the size or structure of Aβ42 oligomers, we suggest that Ag+ ions have a minor influence on Aβ toxicity.

Disulfidptosis links the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis and immune infiltration in colon adenocarcinoma

An efficient approach on risk factor prediction related to cardiovascular disease around Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India, using unsupervised machine learning techniques

Prediction of InSAR deformation time-series using improved LSTM deep learning model

Advanced fault location method for three-terminal distribution lines using frequency characteristics and µPMU data

The adaptation and fitness costs to urban noise in the calls of the tree sparrow (Passer montanus)

Context-guided segmentation for histopathologic cancer segmentation

Abstract Microscopic inspection of histologically stained tissue is considered as the gold standard for cancer diagnosis. This research is inspired by the practices of pathologists who analyze diagnostic samples by zooming in and out. We propose a dual-encoder model that simultaneously evaluates two views of the tissue at different levels of magnification. The lower magnification view provides contextual information for a target area, while the higher magnification view provides detailed information. The model consists of two encoder branches that consider both detail and context resolutions of the target area concurrently for binary pixel-wise segmentation. We introduce a unique weight initialization for the cross-attention between the context and detail feature tensors, allowing the model to incorporate contextual information. Our design is evaluated using the Camelyon16 dataset of sentinel lymph node tissue and cancer. The results demonstrate the benefit of including context regions when segmenting for cancer, with an improvement in AUC ranging from 0.31 to 0.92% and an improvement in cancer Dice score ranging from 4.09% to 6.81% compared to single detailed input models.

Numerical investigation of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell conductivity at different parameters

Abstract This study uses the finite element technique to analyse a multi-dimensional model for a polyelectrolyte membrane fuel cell at high working temperature. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique implements and solves this model. In addition, the membrane’s thickness, and catalyst layer’s thickness parameters have been studied. Membrane thickness is varied from to and the length of the fuel cell from to. The performance of the fuel cell was studied, analysed, and discussed for each case using the polarization curves and output power. The results indicate that the performance of fuel cells is enhanced by a thinner membrane than a thicker one with an increase in loading. The performance is approximated at light loads. Furthermore, the concentration of water at the cathode side of the fuel cell is highly affected by the change in fuel cell length more than the thickness of the membrane. Comparative analysis with prior research demonstrates strong agreement with our consequences.

Improved active current limiting control for flexible DC power grid to consider the effects of selective and higher fault resistance

Determinants of road construction project delay in the case of Woliso–Ambo road construction

miRNA sequencing identifies immune-associated miRNAs and highlights the role of miR-193b-5p in sepsis and septic shock progression

OM85 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by inhibiting Notch expression and modulating the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio

Detection of clinically relevant Candida species from positive blood cultures using a novel sample-to-answer molecular assay

New insights into the association between arthritis and overactive bladder in NHANES 2005–2020

Psychological capital and farmer families’ quality of life under the climate variability conditions

How COVID vaccination keeps a ‘breakthrough’ infection in check

Inverse determination of the thermal contact conductance for an interface between a Co28Cr6Mo hip stem and a PMMA-based bone cement

Abstract Traditional mechanical methods for implant and bone cement removal during total hip arthroplasty (THA) revision surgeries typically lead to surrounding tissue damage and increased risk of femoral fractures. Transcutaneous induction heating is a promising new removal approach as it causes softening of the thermoplastic bone cement, and thus prevents damage to the surrounding tissue during removal and increases stability post-revision. However, precise knowledge of the heat transfer between implant and bone cement is necessary to minimize the risk of thermal damage to surrounding tissues. In this context, knowledge of the thermal contact conductance (TCC) at the interface of Co28Cr6Mo hip stems and PMMA-based bone cement is a key issue. The present study addresses the challenge of measuring TCC by proposing an inverse method of determination using infrared thermography measurements of the heating process and a finite element simulation with a variable parameter for the TCC. Results indicate TCC values of 3,125 ± 275 Wm− 2K− 1 for dry interfaces and 5,100 ± 300 Wm− 2K− 1 for wet interfaces. The influence of heat conduction on bone cement surface temperature is significant, impacting the measured surface temperatures by 15–19% for wet and 23–30% for dry interfaces. These findings are crucial for the design of heating procedures and minimization of thermal damage during induction heating assisted THA revisions.