Browse Articles

Measuring the evolution of entanglement in Compton scattering

Cycles

Activating the Basal Plane of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides via High-Entropy Alloying

Association of arachnoid fossae and endocranial lesions in a historical population from Poland: new diagnostic possibilities

Abstract This study examines the arachnoid fossae (AF) in crania from early modern Wrocław, Poland, and their connection to endocranial lesions, specifically abnormal blood vessel impressions (ABVI) and periosteal appositions of the dura mater (PADM). AF are fovea on the inner surface of the cranial bone, which arise as the result of arachnoid granulations’ (AG) protruding and causing the resorption of the bone. ABVI and PADM are non-specific pathological lesions caused by inflammation and hemorrhages in the meninges. The goal of the study is to determine if the size of AF is associated with the occurrence of endocranial lesions (ABVI and PADM), whether they can aid in diagnosing pathological conditions in historical populations, and to propose a measurement methodology. Using an endoscopic device, the study analyzed 80 adult crania from a collection in Wrocław, Poland. The size of AF was measured using scaled photographs, and the occurrence and severity of ABVI and PADM were also documented. The study then investigated the relationship between the size of AF and the presence of ABVI and PADM. It was determined that the individuals with ABVI had greater AF than those without the lesions. The results indicate that while the presence of AF can be considered a normal cranial variation, their size may be useful in diagnosing pathological conditions in the meninges, such as trauma, tumors, or infectious diseases.

Unravelling Size-Dependent Upconversion Luminescence in Ytterbium and Erbium Codoped NaYF₄ Nanocrystals

High risk of political bias in black box emotion inference models

Abstract This paper investigates the presence of political bias in emotion inference models used for sentiment analysis (SA). Machine learning models often reflect biases in their training data, impacting the validity of their outcomes. While previous research has highlighted gender and race biases, our study focuses on political bias—an underexplored, pervasive issue that can skew the interpretation of text data across many studies. We audit a Polish sentiment analysis model developed in our lab for bias. By analyzing valence predictions for names and sentences involving Polish politicians, we uncovered systematic differences influenced by political affiliations. Our findings suggest that annotations by human raters propagate political biases into the model’s predictions. To prove it, we pruned the training dataset of texts mentioning these politicians and observed a reduction in bias, though not its complete elimination. Given the significant implications of political bias in SA, our study emphasizes caution in employing these models for social science research. We recommend a critical examination of SA results and propose using lexicon-based systems as an ideologically neutral alternative. This paper underscores the necessity for ongoing scrutiny and methodological adjustments to ensure the reliability of the use of machine learning in academic and applied contexts.

Ion-Specific Effects under Electric Fields on Ice Nucleation at the Mica Surface

A steel surface defect detection method based on improved RetinaNet

Supramolecular Diodes with Donor–Acceptor Interactions

Temporal and spatial self supervised learning methods for electrocardiograms

Luminescent Cerium(III) Complexes with Poly(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate: A New Emitter Based on S-Coordinating Ligands

Dimensional accuracy of additive and subtractive manufactured ceramic-reinforced hybrid composite inlays: a CBCT-based in vitro study

Microsoft builds AI that creates ‘impressive’ video-game worlds

Retraction of “Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT)-Mediated Remote Desaturation Enabled by Fe/Cr–H Cooperative Catalysis”

An ideally designed deep trust network model for heart disease prediction based on seagull optimization and Ruzzo Tompa algorithm

Photosensitized Gold-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Aryl Bromides

A longitudinal study of dietary inflammatory index and quality of life in people with osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative database

Light-Induced Increase in Bond Strength─from Chalcogen Bond to Three-Electron σ Bond upon Excitation

Fecal microbiota and genetics in pediatric-onset orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn´s disease

Abstract Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition. It is under debate, whether it is a condition of its own or merely a subtype of Crohn’s disease (CD). We aimed to search for markers characteristic of patients with pediatric-onset OFG compared to patients with pediatric-onset CD. We recruited young patients with OFG (with or without CD, n = 29), CD (n = 24), and healthy controls (n = 20). All participants provided a fecal sample for microbiota and calprotectin analyses and saliva for DNA analysis of genes associated with OFG and kept a 3-day food diary. Oral disease activity was evaluated using The Oral Disease Activity Score by an otorhinolaryngologist and a dentist. We observed decreased relative abundance in class Clostridia and increased relative abundances of classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli in the feces of patients with OFG when compared to patients with CD and healthy controls. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium adolescentis increased and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii decreased along with the increase in the Oral Disease Activity Score. We found the NOD2 gene rs8057341 allele A to be enriched in patients with OFG compared to patients with CD. These findings support the theory that OFG is a distinct disease phenotype.

Architecting Metal–Organic Frameworks at Molecular Level toward Direct Air Capture