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Study on nonlinear creep damage model based on fractional derivative
Harnessing the FBXW7 Somatic Mutant R465C for Targeted Protein Degradation
A rapid and precise algorithm for maize leaf disease detection based on YOLO MSM
Small Ligand-Involved Pickering Droplet Interface Controls Reaction Selectivity of Metal Catalysts
Ammonia transformation by potential consortium in the aquatic system
Pushing an Altermagnet to the Ultimate 2D Limit: Symmetry Breaking in Monolayers of GdAlSi
Study on urban ground collapse induced by defective pipelines based on physical model experiments and numerical simulation
Constraining Interlayer Slipping in P2-Type Layered Oxides with Oxygen Redox by Constructing Strong Covalent Bonds
Publisher Correction: Annual migrations, vertical habitat use and fidelity of Atlantic bluefin tuna tracked from waters off the United Kingdom
Mechanism of Hydrogen Generation Catalyzed by a Single Atom and Its Spin Regulation
Temporally Dissociable Neural Representations of Pitch Height and Chroma
The extraction and analysis of pitch underpin speech and music recognition, sound segregation, and other auditory tasks. Perceptually, pitch can be represented as a helix composed of two factors: height monotonically aligns with frequency, while chroma cyclically repeats at doubled frequencies. Although the early perceptual and neurophysiological mechanisms for extracting pitch from acoustic signals have been extensively investigated, the equally essential subsequent stages that bridge to high-level auditory cognition remain less well understood. How does the brain represent perceptual attributes of pitch at higher-order processing stages, and how are the neural representations formed over time? We used a machine learning approach to decode time-resolved neural responses of human listeners (10 females and 7 males) measured by magnetoencephalography across different pitches, hypothesizing that different pitches sharing similar neural representations would result in reduced decoding performance. We show that pitch can be decoded from lower-frequency neural responses within auditory-frontal cortical regions. Specifically, linear mixed-effects modeling reveals that height and chroma explain the decoding performance of delta band (0.5–4 Hz) neural activity at distinct latencies: a long-lasting height effect precedes a transient chroma effect, followed by a recurrence of height after chroma, indicating sequential processing stages associated with unique perceptual and neural characteristics. Furthermore, the localization analyses of the decoder demonstrate that height and chroma are associated with overlapping cortical regions, with differences observed in the right orbital and polar frontal cortex. The data provide a perspective motivating new hypotheses on the mechanisms of pitch representation.
Sensor-assessed grasping time as a biomarker of functional impairment in rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract Quantifying physical impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is important to determine disease burden and disability. Therefore, we aimed to define hand function impairments in RA patients using an opto-electronic measurement system (OMS). In this cross-sectional pilot study, spatio-temporal and hand segment data were collected during the fine motor skill Moberg Picking-Up Test (MPUT) and two elementary hand movement tasks in RA patients and healthy controls (HC) using a marker-based OMS. The duration of two MPUT movement phases (grasping, transporting 12 objects) and kinematic characteristics during the elementary movements were evaluated. We analyzed between-group differences using linear mixed-effects models accounting for within-participant clustering of hands and adjusting for age and sex. Measurements were obtained from 24 RA and 23 HC. The mean duration of the grasping phase of MPUT was longer in RA patients compared to HC while transporting times were identical, showing a significant group-phase interaction (p < 0.001). Interphalangeal joint angle ratios were similar in RA and HC (p > 0.05) with a lower ratio in both groups for the task thumb-finger opposition compared to flexion of joints. In RA patients especially grasping objects was impaired, and performance time for a subset of objects may serve as a quantitative biomarker of functional impairment.