Browse Articles

Quadruple Hydrogen‐Bonds Engineering for Intrinsically Stretchable and Healable Semiconducting Polymers

ABSTRACT Developing intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymers with high charge‐carrier mobility is critical for next‐generation flexible electronics; however, integrating these conflicting functionalities remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a “quadruple‐hydrogen‐bonds end‐capping” strategy to realize high‐performance stretchable and healable semiconducting polymers. By incorporating quadruple hydrogen‐bonds between end‐capping units linked with alkyl spacers into polymer backbone, we engineer a supramolecular architecture that achieves enhanced crystallinity and improved ordered packing with reduced π‐π stacking distance, and also superior stretchabillity with molecular‐ordering retention during stretching. Moreover, enhanced chain mobility together with dynamic and reversible and hydrogen‐bonding sites in the architecture contribute to efficient healing. Consequently, our designed semiconducting polymer exhibits a more than 2‐fold increase in mobility, while demonstrating stable mobility retention under strain, high mobility recovery after healing, and scalability in fully stretchable transistor arrays. This work provides an effective molecular design strategy for achieving simultaneous improvements in electrical performance, mechanical stretchability, and healing ability in organic electronics.

Psychological determinants of employee adaptation: a novel and robust learnability quotient-based fuzzy decision framework for organizational learning

EasySCP unveils extensive liver zonation at single-cell proteomics resolution

Dual‐Affinity Interphase Engineering Enables Stable Aqueous Zn–S Batteries

ABSTRACT Aqueous Zn–S batteries have garnered significant attention for grid‐scale storage but suffer from rapid capacity fade and sluggish reaction kinetics. Although existing strategies can improve redox reversibility, they fail to fundamentally address capacity attenuation arising from oxidation‐driven ZnS decomposition loss. In this study, a nano‐copper‐based cathode/electrolyte interphase (Cu CEI) featuring a unique sulfur/ZnS dual‐affinity is rationally designed to accelerate both S─S and Zn─S bond dynamics, effectively preventing ZnS accumulation and suppressing its decomposition via preferential Cu‐ZnS binding. Specifically, the strong binding affinity of the Cu CEI stabilizes ZnS by reducing its direct contact with interfacial water. Meanwhile, the strong interaction between Cu nanoparticles and S 8 activates ring‐opening and facilitates S─S bond cleavage, elevating the discharge voltage to 0.75 V. Cu‐mediated weakening of Zn─S bonds in ZnS synergistically lowers the apparent activation energy from 69.4 to 29.5 kJ mol −1 , establishing a robust interfacial redox pathway with a low voltage hysteresis of 0.23 V. Consequently, the Cu CEI enables Zn–S system with excellent cycling stability over 1000 cycles at 5 A g −1 and a high areal capacity of ∼6.5 mAh cm −2 over 200 h in a pouch cell, underscoring the practical feasibility of this dual‐affinity interphase design for high‐performance Zn–S batteries.

Memristive nano-neuromorphic spiking neural network with self-adaptive continual and predictive learning for edge gesture recognition

Structural basis for LMBD1-dependent trafficking and cobalamin export of ABCD4

Structural Control of Dual Emission in Coumarin Fluorophores for Visualizing Protein Droplet Maturation

ABSTRACT Proteins droplets formed by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) gradually lose fluidity and mature into aggregated and fibrillar states, initiating fibrillation of amyloidogenic proteins. Despite increasing interest in droplet maturation, high‐throughput methods for visualizing this process remain undeveloped. In this study, we report a fluorescence‐based method for real time visualization of droplet maturation using dual‐emission fluorophores. Coumarin‐based fluorophores conjugated with electron‐withdrawing rings exhibit dual fluorescence originating from multiple ground‐state conformers although predicting this behavior from molecular structure remains challenging. Here, we synthesized coumarin‐based fluorophores bearing directly conjugated electron‐withdrawing five‐membered ring to increase the abundance of twisted conformers through steric hindrance. The dual‐emission properties and fluorescence quantum yield were tuned by varying the heteroatoms within the five‐membered ring. Upon covalent conjugation of the probe to proteins, ratiometric confocal microscopy revealed that the emission ratio faithfully reflected the maturation process of liquid droplets, enabling quantitative evaluation of maturation timescale and heterogeneous internal environments. Furthermore, by combining this probe with the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) tag strategy, we visualized differences in the internal environments of protein droplets in living cells. This strategy allows continuous monitoring of droplet maturation and provides new insight into the mechanism of LLPS, amyloidogenic proteins fibrillations, and inhibitor screening against amyloid formation.

Compost and rootstock effects on fibrous root physiology and bacterial community composition in young citrus trees under endemic Huanglongbing

Enantioselective Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Allylic Alcohols

Non-invasive opportunistic screening for diabetes mellitus: an interpretable stacking ensemble framework

Abstract Opportunistic screening for type 2 diabetes offers a potentially accessible approach to preliminary case detection without relying on invasive testing. In this study, we developed a heterogeneous Stacking ensemble model (Task C) using exclusively non-invasive demographic, lifestyle, medical-history, and symptom-based features. The model prioritized sensitivity, achieving a Recall of 0.9267, while showing modest discriminative performance (AUC = 0.5515), low specificity (0.1106), and moderate probability calibration (Brier Score = 0.2482). Targeted simulation analyses revealed that adjusting the top three modifiable behavioral factors captured approximately 85.5% of the reduction in model-estimated screening probability observed under the all-six-factor adjustment. Individual-level case simulation illustrated a stepwise reduction in model-estimated screening probability under increasingly comprehensive hypothetical adjustments. Decision curve analysis suggested potential screening utility mainly within the lower-threshold range. These findings suggest that the proposed ensemble may serve as a technically feasible and interpretable tool for preliminary non-invasive diabetes case-finding, while providing hypothesis-generating insights into modifiable factors for future validation.

Staging and defect-limited intercalation of FeCl3 in graphite electrodes

Abstract The need for sustainable mobility and renewable energy systems has been a major driving force for battery research in recent years. While ion batteries are in widespread application, there remain unsolved questions regarding fundamental processes occurring within batteries during use that ultimately limit their performance. The most important of such processes is intercalation, which describes the reversible incorporation of a guest species into a host lattice. The early stages of this process, when only a limited amount of guest material is present, are still barely understood. In this work, we use advanced transmission electron microscopy to directly observe the structure and host/guest interactions in a partially intercalated graphite model system. We show the three-dimensional layer occupancy and demonstrate that the established staging laws break down in this regime. Finally, we elucidate the impact of host lattice defects on the intercalation process using 4D-STEM, moiré imaging and in situ heating.

Ultrahigh Density Ir Single‐Atom Catalysts With Synergistic Ir‐Ir Pairs for Efficient Acidic Oxygen Evolution

ABSTRACT Constructing neighboring active sites in single‐atom catalysts (SACs) provides a new strategy for enhancing acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. However, the OER activity of such systems is highly sensitive to their structural configuration. Due to the typically low density of single atoms, most synergistic effects originate from interactions between single atoms and the supports, while extensive synergy between neighboring single atoms remains scarce. In this work, we introduced ultrahigh density Ir single atoms onto Co 3 O 4 support to construct numerous Ir‐Ir pairs for enhanced acidic OER performance. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the SACs achieved an overpotential of only 250 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm −2 , 90 mV lower than that of the lower density SACs, and maintained stability over 3000 h at a current density of 50 mA cm −2 . In a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, this catalyst required only 1.69 V to achieve a current densit of 1.0 A cm −2 and operated stably for 700 h. In situ spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory calculations confirmed Ir‐Co pairs in low‐density SACs exhibited excessively strong intermediate adsorption, whereas the Ir‐Ir pairs formed in ultrahigh density SACs optimized the adsorption strength, thus enhancing the synergistic efficiency of neighboring sites.

Acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage are two distinct diseases in immunology

Disentangling high harmonic generation from surface and bulk states of a topological insulator

Heat Transfer Fluids as Co‐Diluents in Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes for High‐Rate Lithium Metal Batteries With Enhanced Safety

ABSTRACT Localized high‐concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) have been identified as promising electrolyte formulations for lithium metal batteries, due to their effective interphase formation and promotion of compact Li deposition, yet their practical implementation is often limited by reduced ion transport kinetics. In this study, two industrially established fluorinated ethers are identified for the first time in battery research as effective co‐diluents as they combine a broad electrochemical stability window with a low viscosity and intrinsic non‐flammability. Incorporating these components, commonly used as heat transfer fluids, yields safer, less flammable electrolyte formulations with enhanced ion mobilities. In particular, the ternary co‐diluent formulation shows improved ion mobility by reducing the electrolyte's viscosity while limiting excessive ion clustering. Based on the improved electrolyte transport kinetics, lower overvoltages and higher Coulombic efficiencies at current densities ≥ 1 mA cm −2 are achieved with the ternary co‐diluent blend, resulting in markedly extended cycle life in an application‐oriented zero‐excess pouch cell compared with the baseline system. Complementary electrochemical and ex situ analysis of harvested electrodes at moderate current densities reveals no discernible differences in interphase morphology and composition, suggesting enhanced ion mobility as the primary cause of the improved high‐rate performance.

Hybrid close-up model for active face liveness

Protracted ocean circulation slowdown drove exceptional ice-sheet melting during ice age termination IV

Molecular‐Rotor‐Enhanced Pore‐Space Partition in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Boosting One‐Step Ethylene Purification

ABSTRACT One‐step ethylene purification from the ternary acetylene/ethane/ethylene (C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 6 /C 2 H 4 ) mixture is a pivotal yet unresolved challenge in industrial petrochemical processes. Herein, a molecular‐rotor‐enhanced pore‐space partition (MR‐enhanced PSP) strategy is proposed, which successfully achieves synergistic optimization of pore environments in metal–organic frameworks for boosting one‐step ethylene separation. The insertion of pore partitioners through open metal sites in typical MIL‐88 framework precisely tunes the local pore apertures, while aromatic molecular rotors step‐by‐step regulate the pore windows and progressively enriches the π–π and C–H⋯π interactions with gas molecules. Optimized SNNU‐636 adsorbent achieves a C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 selectivity of 4.17, outperforming its counterparts without molecular rotors (SNNU‐630: 1.78, SNNU‐631: 3.29, SNNU‐632: 1.42) and additionally exhibiting preferential adsorption of C 2 H 6 over C 2 H 4 . Fixed‐bed breakthrough experiments confirm that SNNU‐636 enables one‐step production of ultrahigh‐purity C 2 H 4 (> 99.9999%) from the ternary mixture with a record‐high yield of 7.8 mmol·g −1 , surpassing all benchmark adsorbents under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies further validate this MR‐enhanced PSP strategy, revealing that C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 are stabilized via multiple π⋯π and C–H⋯π interactions, underpinning the state‐of‐the‐art one‐step C 2 H 4 purification performance.

Role of Si/dielectric interface traps on the reliability of tree-shaped complementary FETs for sub-3 nm technology nodes

Abstract Complementary (C) FETs enable superior scaling and electrostatics for sub-3 nm nodes but the increased Si/dielectric interface reliability a critical concern, and its impact on Tree-shaped CFETs is investigated for the first time in this work. The Si/dielectric interface trap density (N it ) is varied from 1 to 9 × 10 12 cm − 2 for both acceptor and donor traps to evaluate their influence on digital, analog, RF, and circuit characteristics. With increasing N it , in the n-type (p-type) device, acceptor (donor) traps repel electrons (holes), reducing I ON while suppressing I OFF by ~ 5 orders, improving the I ON /I OFF ratio. In p-type (n-type) device acceptor (donor) traps attract holes (electrons), increasing I ON by ~ 68% (~ 58%) but reducing the ratio to 10 2 due to higher leakages. Notably, when the N it exceeds 4 × 10 12 cm − 2 , the switching ratio deteriorates below 10 4 for donor (acceptor) traps in the n-type (p-type) device due to pronounced trap-assisted leakage. The findings demonstrate that the Tree-shaped CFET maintains strong electrostatic integrity till ≤ 4 × 10 12 cm − 2 and stable analog/RF behavior even under severe Si/dielectric interface trap perturbations. The Tree-CFET CMOS inverter shows robust circuit behavior with ~ 2.9 ps delay at moderate trap densities, highlighting the need for precise interface engineering for sub-3 nm nodes.

The in-stream renewable energy potential of rivers for remote communities in the global Arctic

Abstract Many Arctic communities rely on diesel-generated electricity, resulting in high costs, environmental impacts, and limited development opportunities. Hydrokinetic energy (HKE), which generates power from flowing water without dams, offers a lower-impact renewable energy alternative to conventional hydropower. Here we identify feasible Arctic communities with suitable river conditions for HKE development and highlight regions with the greatest potential. Using a detailed case study of the Iqaluit Kuunga River in Nunavut, Canada, alongside a global assessment, we identify 325 Arctic communities suitable for HKE deployment. These sites represent a theoretical energy potential of 4,626 megawatt-hours per square metre of turbine area annually under open water conditions. Feasibility varies with the local resource availability, proximity to river sites, and projected diesel offset. Together, these results highlight the potential for HKE to support cleaner, community-based energy systems, and the datasets provide a foundation for targeted renewable energy transitions in Arctic communities.